Introduction: Pilonidal sinus disease is a common surgical condition usually seen in young adults. Although several techniques have been described each one has its own merits and demerits. This study was carried out to evaluate the advantages of primary excision and Limberg flap reconstruction in the management of pilonidal sinus disease. Materials and Method: This study was done in a surgical unit at a tertiary care hospital, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute from June 2009 to June 2012..During the study period 25 patients were enrolled and the duration of operation, postoperative pain, duration of hospital stay, postoperative complications, time until to return to work and recurrence rate were noted. Results: In our study the mean age of presentation was 23 years with male predominance. Average operating time was 81 minutes with postoperative hospital stay of 6 days. Of all the complications, flap necrosis and seroma formation were common with no recurrence in any of our patients during the one year follow up period. Conclusion: When compared with the available data Limberg flap is very effective for pilonidal disease with short hospital stay, earlier healing and shorter time off-work, low complication rates, low recurrence rates,. The surgery can be mastered easily. The results of this study favour rhomboid excision and Limberg flap reconstruction for pilonidal disease over excision with primary closure.
1. Urhan MK, Kucukel F, Topgul K, Ozer I, SariS. Rhomboid excision and Limberg flap for managing pilonidal sinus: results of 102 cases. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002;45: 656–9.
2. Bozkurt MK, Tezel E. Management of pilonidal sinus with the Limberg flap. Dis Colon Rectum. 1998;41:775-7. Marks J, Harding KG, Hughes LE, Riberio CD. Pilonidal sinus excision-healing by open granulation. Br J Surg. 1985;72:637-40
3. McLaren CA. Partial closure and other techniques in pilonidal surgery: an assessment of 157 cases. Br J Surg. 1984;71:561-2.
4. Eryilmaz R, Sahin M, Alimoglu, O, Dasiran, F. Surgical treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus with the Limberg transposition flap. Surgery. 2003;134:745-9.
5. Hodgson WJ, Greenstein RJ. A comparative study between Z-plasty and incision anddrainage or excision with marsupialisation for pilonidal sinuses. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1981;153:842-4.
6. Ersoy E, Onder Devay A, Aktimur R, Doganay B, Ozdogan M,Gundogdu RH. Comparison of the short-term results after Limberg and Karydakis procedures for pilonidal disease: Randomized prospective analysis of 100 patients. Colorectal Dis. 2008;11:705-10.
7. Mentes O, Bagci M, Bilgin T, Ozgul O, Ozdemir M. Limberg flap procedure for pilonidal sinus disease: results of 353 patients. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2008 Mar;393(2):185-9. Epub 2007 Sep 22.
8. Akin M, Gokbayir H, Kilic K, Topgul K, Ozdemir E, Ferahkose Z. Rhomboid excision and Limberg flap for managing pilonidal sinus: long-term results in 411 patients. Colorectal Dis 2008 Nov;10(9):945-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2008.01563.. Epub 2008 May 3.
9. Katsoulis IE, Hibberts F, and Carapeti EA. Outcome of treatment of primary and recurrent pilonidal sinuses with the Limberg flap. Surgeon. 2006 Feb;4(1):7-10, 62.
Clinical Study of Patients of Chronic ear Discharge attending OPD in Govt. Medical College Hospital
Objective: Clinical study of the patients suffering from Chronic ear discharge. Material and Methods: Patients attending O. P. D. of a Govt. Medical College Hospital Jagdalpur, were taken in to consideration for study .Detail history and clinical examination were carried out of all selected patients. Thus 128 ears of one hundred cases included in the study. Statistical analysis: Statistical analysis was expressed in terms of simple proportion. Results: Otorrhoea was present in most of the sampled cases followed by deafness, tinnitus, headache, earache and vertigo. Recurrent nasal and throat infection was the most common associated factors responsible for chronic ear discharge. Conclusion: There is an urgent need to bring awareness among the masses about various aspects of the disease; similarly consulting doctors must be motivated for rational use of drugs, by keeping in mind the development of resistance against antibiotics.
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An Effort to Domesticate Wild Edible Mushrooms Growing in the Forest of Jharkhand
Abstract: Jharkhand has a rich biodiversity of wild edible mushrooms. A number of edible mushrooms growing in their natural habitats are being collected by the local people during the rainy season for their consumption or sale. Some of the common wild edible mushrooms of Jharkhand are Macrolepiota procera , Termitomyces clypeatus,T. heimii, Lycoperdon, Calvatia, Geastrum, Boletus edulis, Russula, Termitomyces microcarpous, Amanita, Clitocybe, Armillaria etc.They are rich in protein and can easily fit into all’s platter, being a vegetarian product. The villagers are acquainted with them, but they just collect them and consume. The idea to conserve and cultivate them is still eluding them. The ongoing study is an effort to domesticate some of these wild edible mushrooms in an artificial condition that they can be conserved and grown all throughout the year and standardize a package of practice for these mushrooms so that villagers could find some avenues to generate income through mushroom cultivation and marketing.
[1] Alexopoulos, C.J., C.W Mims, M. Blackwell. Introductory Mycology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1996.
[2] Dutta, Ram. Advances in Mushroom Science. Delhi: Satish Serial Publishing House, 2007.
[3] Gogoi, Robin et al. Mushroom Cultivation Technology. Jodhpur: Scientific Publishers, 2006.
[4] Krieger, Louis C. C. A guide to the Mushrooms: Their Botanical Position, Mode of Growth, Physiology, Habitat, Ecology and Economic importance. Delhi: Asiatic Publishing House, 2007.
[5] Singh, Reeti & Singh, UC. Modern Mushroom Cultivation. Jodhpur: Updesh Purohit for Agrobios, 2005.
Glucose and Total Sugars Content and Changes therein in the Seeds of Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken.(kusum) due to Bioterioration by Pathogenic Fungi during Storage
Abstract:Seeds of one of the non-edible oilseed, kusum(Schleichera oleosa f . Sapindaceae) are of great significance in Jharkhand area and its oil is used in burning lamps, varnishing, massage and medicine. Its oil-cake is a good manure. The unsanitary and humid condition makes it prone to a faster biodeterioration due to several fungal inhabitants during storage. The colonising fungi in the seeds use up some of the glucose and sugars as carbon sources for meeting energy requirements in their prolonged association with the seeds. In the span of one year the glucose level dropped by as much as 50.2 percent of its initial value. Similarly, total sugar also registered a loss of 40.4 percent due to the association of the mycodwellers.
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[10] Srivastava, AK and Pandey, GK. 2000. Chemical changes in properties of kusum(Schleichera oleosa) oil during its seed infestation by fungi. J.Mycopathol . Res. 38(1): 29-32, (2000)
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Antifungal Properties of Gamma-Irradiated Chitosan from Sea Crab Shells
F.C.K. Ocloo, A. Adu-Gyamfi, E. A. Quarcoo, Y. Serfor-Armah, D.K. Asare
Abstract: Chitosan extracted from sea crab shells was used to determine antifungal properties against Aspergillus niger. Chitosan powder irradiated at 100 kGy and dissolved in 1 % acetic acid (v/v) with pH adjusted to approximately 6.0 was used in preparing chitosan concentrations of 2 %, 1.5 %, 1 % and 0.5 %. The agar dilution method was used to test the antifungal activity of the various chitosan solutions at concentrations of 0.20 %, 0.15 %, 0.10 % and 0.05 %. Both media containing irradiated and unirradiated chitosan inhibited the mycelial growth of Aspergillus niger and the degree of inhibition was dependent on the concentration of the chitosan in the fungal growth medium. Results show that the media containing irradiated chitosan inhibited the mycelia growth of Aspergillus niger to a greater extent than the media containing unirradiated chitosan.
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[6] Ha PT., Thuy, TT., Hien, NQ., Nagasawa, N., Kume, T. “Antifungal activity of irradiated chitosan†Food Irradiation (in Japanese) 34 (1/2): 43-46, 1999.
[7] Ocloo, FCK., Quayson, ET., Adu-Gyamfi, A., Quarcoo, EA., Asare, D., Serfor-Armah, Y. and Woode, BK.. Physicochemical and functional characteristics of radiation-processed shrimp chitosan. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 80: 837–841, 2011.
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Hydrochemical Characteristics and Quality Assessment of Groundwater in Parts of Kannad, District Aurangabad (MS) INDIA.
Abstract: An attempt has been made to appreciate the quality and the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation. In order to attend this objective, a total of 20 representative water samples were collected from dug wells; and analyzed for pH, total dissolved salts, electrical conductivity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulphate, bicarbonate and nitrate. Based on the physicochemical analyses, irrigation quality parameters like sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC), was calculated. The suitability of the water from the groundwater sources for drinking purposes was evaluated by comparing the values of different water quality parameters with WHO and BIS guideline values for drinking water. A preliminary hydrochemical characterization shows that most of the samples are within permissible limit for drinking water standards. The correlation of the analytical data has been attempted by plotting graphical representations such as U.S. Salinity Laboratory, which are employed to critically study the geochemical characteristics of groundwater which indicates that groundwater is suitable for irrigation purpose.
[1] Aher K.R. and Deshpande S.M. (2011): Assessment of Water Quality of the Maniyad Reservoir of Parala Village, district Aurangabad: Suitability for Multipurpose Usage, Recent Trends in Science And Technology, Vol.1, (3), pp 91-95.
[2] APHA (1992). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Waters, American Public Health Association, 18th Edition, Washington, DC.
[3] BIS (1991). Specifications for Drinking Water, IS: 10500: 1991, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
[4] Deshpande S.M., and Aher, K.R. (2011). Quality Characterization of Groundwater of Tribakeswar-Peth area of the Nashik district and its Suitability for Domestic and Irrigation Purpose. Gondwana Geological Magzine, Vol. 26 (2).
[5] Deshpande S.M.and Aher K.R.(2012):Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and its Suitability for Drinking and Agriculture use in Parts of Vaijapur, District Aurangabad, MS, India, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, vol.2(1), pp 25-31.
[6] Purushtotham, D., Rao, A.N., Ravi Prakash, M., Shakeel Ahmed and G. Ashok Babu (2011). Environmental impact on groundwater of Maheshwaram watershed, Ranga Reddy district, Andhra Pradesh, Jour. of Geological society of India, Vol. 77, pp 539.
[7] P. Ravikumar., R. K. Somashekar, and Mhasizonuo Angami (2011). Hydrochemistry and evaluation of groundwater suitability for irrigation and drinking purposes in the Markandeya River basin, Belgaum District, Karnataka State, India, Environ Monit Assess,173:459–487, DOI 10.1007/s10661-010-1399-2
[8] Reddy, L Chandra Sekhar., Deshpande, SM., Reddy, KV Ramana.,and Aher, KR (2012). Hydro Geochemical Processes in the Groundwater Environment of Vemula area, Kadapa District, South India, Recent Trends in Science and Technology, Vol. 3 ( 1), pp 18-24.
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Assessment of Knowledge and Practices about Menstrual Hygiene amongst Rural and Urban Adolescent Girls –A comparative Study
Abstract: Adolescence is the period of transition from childhood to adulthood, spanning the age between 10 to 19 years. In girls Menarche starts during this period, and girls feel shy to discuss the topic openly, So to assess the knowledge and practices amongst rural and urban adolescent, present study was carried out in Study area comprises Z.P. High school Ambelohale form rural area and Sharda Mandir Girls High School Aurangabad from Urban area. In the field practice area of MGM Medical College Aurangabad. (M.S.). During the period January 2011 to April 2011. A total of 189 rural and 132 urban girls of 8th to 10th standard were included in this study. Pretested questionnaire was used to collect the information. Post test health Education was given about reproductive health, menstrual hygiene by Gynecologists. Findings were analyzed and statistical relationship was determined by using chi-square test.
Results:- 93(49%) rural & 94(71%) urban girls had started menarche ,regularities of menstruation was better in rural girls i.e. 87(94%) compared to urban girls, 53(56%). Percentage of using market available sanitary napkins was more in urban girls 56(60%) compared to rural girls 6 (06%) whereas homemade sanitary napkins were used by 87(94%) rural girls & 38 (40%) urban girls and this difference was statistically significant .amongst rural girls ,female teacher was the main source of knowledge 89(47%) while it was mother in urban area 48(36%).knowledge about reproductive system, determination of foetal sex, age of marriage etc. was better amongst urban girls. Social taboos like separate sitting, restriction on attending school & social functions were more amongst rural girls while sanitary facilities like attached toilet , full wall bathroom ,sufficient water etc were less in rural areas. Differences came out of study were statistically significant.
Conclusion: - knowledge, practices, sanitary facilities were less amongst rural girl compared to urban girls.
Recommendation:-1) sanitary facilities should made available to each house under NRHM.
2) Sanitary napkins should made available at lowest cost with AWW/ANM/ASHA
3) Health education in small groups of girls, to increase health awareness and healthful practices should be given regularly
[1] World Health Organization Report, 1998, Geneva.
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[4] Dhingra R, Kumar A. “Knowledge and practices related to menstruation among tribal (Gujjar) adolescent girlsâ€. Etho-Med 2009; vol.3 (1):PP 43-48.
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[6] Khann A, Goyal R.S, Bhawsar R.†Menstrual practices and reproductive problems: A study of adolescent girls in Rajasthanâ€, Journal of Health Management 2005; vol.7 (1) : PP 91-97.
[7] Dasgupta A, Sarkar M.,†Menstrual Hygiene: How Hygienic is the Adolescent Girl?.â€, Indian Journal of Community Medicine 2008; vol.33 (2) : PP 77- 80.
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[9] Quazi SZ., Gaidhane A., Singh D,†Beliefs s and practices regarding menstruation among the adolescent girls of high schools and junior colleges of the rural areas of Thane districtâ€. Journal of DMIMSU 2006.vol. 2: PP 76-71.
School Children as ‘Messengers’ for Improving Vitamin A Knowledge and Practices in Urban Slums.
Background: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is still a significant public health problem in India among children. Deliberate and sustained nutrition education has been recognized as a potent tool for prevention and control of VAD. Children being future parents need to be aware of good nutrition and therefore it is important to provide nutrition education to them. Objective: To educate school children to initiate change in knowledge and practices with a specific focus on vitamin A deficiency. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in selected slums in Mumbai. Western India. 50 school going children and their mothers were selected for the study. Questionnaire, individual interviews and focus group discussions were employed to collect data from both the groups at the baseline. Participatory learning techniques and group dynamics approach were used during education the sessions. Results: The knowledge scores of the children showed a significant change (P<0.001) after the intervention. There was significant increase in weekly frequency of consumption of YOVs (P<0.5). The mothers were aware of vitamin A foods (87.5%) and its deficiency (68.8%) after the intervention. Conclusion: Children can be used as messengers for spreading nutritional messages and promoting vitamin A foods. Involvement of mothers in nutrition education has compounding effect.
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Role of Ultrasonic Bone Surgery Device (Piezosurgery®) in Harvesting Intraoral Autogenous Bone Graft – A Case Report
Pooja M Pharne, Dinesh Hingorani, Ulhas S.Mali, Smita Vitthal Patil
Abstract: Piezosurgery® is a sophisticated ultrasonic device (Mectron,Italy) invented by Dr.Tomaso Vercellotti. Present study was conducted to see the efficacy and safety of ultrasonic bone surgery device in harvesting intraoral autogenous bone graft and to compair it with manual and rotary instruments. It is concluded that piezosurgery is very easy and safe to use for harvesting intraoral autogenous bone graft as compared to manual and rotary instruments.
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[5] Vercellotti T. Technological characteristics and clinical indications of piezoelectric bone surgery. Minerva Stomatol, 53, 207-214, 2004.
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[7] Metzger MC, Bormann KH, Schoen R, Gellrich NC, Schmelzeisen R. Inferior alveolar nerve transposition- an in vitro comparison between piezosurgery and convencional bur use. J Oral Implantol, 32 ,19-25, 2006.
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[10] Stübinger S, Kuttenberger J, Filippi A, Sader R, Zeilhofer HF. Intraoral Piezosurgery: Preliminary results of a new technique.J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 63, 1283-1287, 2005.
[11] Von Arx T, Hafliger J, Chappuis V – Neurosensory disturbances following bone harvesting in symphysis : a prospective clinical study. Clin Oral Implants Res, 16 ,432-439, 2005.
[12] Jonathon Schofield and Amit Patel- Using piezosurgery to harvest a block bone graft from the symphyseal region: a clinical case presentation. Implant dentistry today, 1(4), 20-24, 2007.
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[16] Vercellotti T, Nevins ML, Kim DM, Nevins M, Wada K, Schenk RK, et al. Osseous response following resective therapy with piezosurgery. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent., 25, 543-9, 2005.
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[18] Chiriac G, Herten M, Schwarz F, Rothamel D, Becker J. Autogenous bone chips: Influence of a new piezoelectric device (Piezosurgery) on chip morphology, cell viability and differentiation. J Clin Periodontol, 32, 994-999, 2005.
[19] Giulio Preti,Germana Martinasso et al - Cytokines and Growth Factors Involved in the Osseointegration of Oral Titanium Implants Positioned Using Piezoelectric Bone Surgery Versus a Drill Technique: A Pilot Study in Minipigs Journal of Periodontology,78(4), 716-722, April 2007.
Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by the Tribal’s in Cure of Wounds in Buldhana District (MS) INDIA
Abstract: Buldhana District of Maharashtra state (India) has a rich biodiversity of medicinal plant species. An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in Buldana district, Maharashtra during July, 2008 to March, 2010 for documentation of wound healing knowledge acquired by the tribal communities. The tribal communities possess rich knowledge about medicinal plants and its uses as they are far away from modern facilities. Therefore, we have done an exhaustive ethnobotanical survey in this area. A list of 72 wound healing plants species are recorded, which are in practice by traditional healers of tribal communities.
The traditional healers in this area use the wild as well as cultivated plants in the treatment of wounds. Documenting the indigenous knowledge through ethnobotanical studies is important for the conservation and utilization of biological resources and for the wale fare of human being. The plants were identified with relevant information and are documented alphabetically with their botanical name, family, local name, parts used, mode of preparation and uses.
[1] Biswas, T. K. and B. Mukherjee (2003). Plant Medicines of Indian Origin for Wound Healing Activity: A Review. Lower Extr Wounds, 2: 25–39.
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[6] Enoch, S. and D. John Leaper (2005). Basic science of wound healing. Surgery 23: 37 – 42.
[7] Ghorbani, A. (2005). Studies on pharmaceutical ethnobotany in the region of Turkmen Sahra, north of Iran (Part 1): general results. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 102, 58-68.
[8] Gurib-Fakim, A. (2006). Review – Medicinal plants: Traditions of Yesterday and drugs of tomorrow. Mol Asp Med 27: 1- 93.
[9] Hooker, J. D. (1872-1997). The Flora of British India. Vol. I – VII. London.
[10] Krishnan, P. (2006). The scientific study of herbal wound healing therapies: Current state of play. Curr Anaes Crit Care, 17: 21–27.
[11] Kumar, B., Vijayakumar, M., Govindarajan, R., and P. Pushpangadan (2007). Ethnopharma-cological approaches to wound healing-Exploring medicinal plants of India, J Ethno-pharmacol 114: 103-113.
[12] Maenthaisong, R., Chaiyakunapruk, N., Niruntraporn, S.and C. Kongkaew (2007). The efficacy of Aloe vera used for burn wound healing: A systematic review. Burns. 33: 713-718.
[13] Manjunatha, B. K., Vidya, S. M., Krishna, V., Mankani, K. L., Singh, S.D. and Y. N. Manohara (2007). Comparative evaluation of wound healing potency of Vitex trifolia L. and Vitex altissima L. Phytother Res 21: 457-461.
[14] Mathivanan, N., Surendiran, G., Srinivasan, K. and K. Malarvizhi (2006). Morinda pubescens JE Smith (Morinda tinctoria Roxb) fruit extract accelerates wound healing in rats. J Med Food 9: 591-593.
[15] Meenakshi, S., Raghavan, G., Nath, V., Ajay Kuma,r S.R. and M. Shanta (2006). Antimicrobial, wound healing and antioxidant activity of Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehm. et Lind. J. Ethnopharmacol. 107: 67-72.
[16] Naik, V. N. (1998). Marathwadyatil Samanya Vanaushhadhi. (Marathi) Amrut Prakashan, Aurangabad.
[17] Okerele, O. (1992). WHO Guidelines for the Assessment of Herbal Medicines. Fitoterapia, 63(2), 99-110.
[18] Olajide, O. A., Aderogba, M.A., Adedopa, A. D. A. and J. M. Makinde (2004). Effects of Anacardium occidentale stem bark extract on in vivo inflammatory models. J Ethnopharmacol 95: 139-142.
[19] Pei, S.J. (2001). Ethnobotanical approaches of traditional medicine studies: Some experiences from Asia. Pharmaceutical Biology, 39:74-79.
[20] Principe, P. (2005). Monetising the pharmacological benefits of plants. US Environmental protection Agency, Washington, D.C. pp. 1991.
[21] Reddy, J. S., Rao, P. R. and M. S. Reddy (2002). Wound healing effects of Heliotropium indi-cum, Plumbago zeylanicum and Acalypha indica in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 79: 249-251.
[22] Senthil Kumar, M., Sripriya, R., Vijaya Raghavan, H. and P.Sehgal (2006). Wound Healing Potential of Cassia fistula on Infected Albino Rat Model. J Surg Res 131: 283–289.
[23] Sharma, B. D., Karthikeyan, S. and N. P. Singh. (1996). Flora of Maharashtra state,Mono-cotyledones. Botanical Survey of India. Calcutta.
[24] Singh, N. P. and S. Karthikeyan (2000). “Flora of Maharashtra State-Dicotyledones†Vol. I. Botanical Survey of India. Calcutta.
[25] Singh, N. P., Lakshminarasimhan, P., Karthikeyan, S. and P. V. Prasanna (2001). “Flora of Maharashtra State – Dicotyledones†Vol. II. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta
[26] Srinivasan, K., Muruganandan, S., Lal, J., Chandra, S., Tandan, S. K. and V. Raviprakash (2001). Evaluation of antiinflammatory activity of Pongamia pinnata leaves in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 78: 151-157.
[27] Tripathi, Y. C. (2000). Ethno medicinal treasure of tribal Rajasthan. J. Non-Timber for Products, 7(1- 2): 77-84.
Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by the Tribal’s in Cure of Wounds in Buldhana District (MS) INDIA
biodiversity of medicinal plant species. An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in Buldana district, Maharashtra during July, 2008 to March, 2010 for documentation of wound healing knowledge acquired by the tribal communities. The tribal communities possess rich knowledge about medicinal plants and its uses as they are far away from modern facilities. Therefore, we have done an exhaustive ethnobotanical survey in this area. A list of 72 wound healing plants species are recorded, which are in practice by traditional healers of tribal communities.
The traditional healers in this area use the wild as well as cultivated plants in the treatment of wounds. Documenting the indigenous knowledge through ethnobotanical studies is important for the conservation and utilization of biological resources and for the wale fare of human being. The plants were identified with relevant information and are documented alphabetically with their botanical name, family, local name, parts used, mode of preparation and uses.
[1] Biswas, T. K. and B. Mukherjee (2003). Plant Medicines of Indian Origin for Wound Healing Activity: A Review. Lower Extr Wounds, 2: 25–39.
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[5] Gould, J. C. and J. H. Bowie (1952). The determination of bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics. Edinb. Med. J. 59:178-199.
[6] Enoch, S. and D. John Leaper (2005). Basic science of wound healing. Surgery 23: 37 – 42.
[7] Ghorbani, A. (2005). Studies on pharmaceutical ethnobotany in the region of Turkmen Sahra, north of Iran (Part 1): general results. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 102, 58-68.
[8] Gurib-Fakim, A. (2006). Review – Medicinal plants: Traditions of Yesterday and drugs of tomorrow. Mol Asp Med 27: 1- 93.
[9] Hooker, J. D. (1872-1997). The Flora of British India. Vol. I – VII. London.
[10] Krishnan, P. (2006). The scientific study of herbal wound healing therapies: Current state of play. Curr Anaes Crit Care, 17: 21–27.
[11] Kumar, B., Vijayakumar, M., Govindarajan, R., and P. Pushpangadan (2007). Ethnopharma-cological approaches to wound healing-Exploring medicinal plants of India, J Ethno-pharmacol 114: 103-113.
[12] Maenthaisong, R., Chaiyakunapruk, N., Niruntraporn, S.and C. Kongkaew (2007). The efficacy of Aloe vera used for burn wound healing: A systematic review. Burns. 33: 713-718.
[13] Manjunatha, B. K., Vidya, S. M., Krishna, V., Mankani, K. L., Singh, S.D. and Y. N. Manohara (2007). Comparative evaluation of wound healing potency of Vitex trifolia L. and Vitex altissima L. Phytother Res 21: 457-461.
[14] Mathivanan, N., Surendiran, G., Srinivasan, K. and K. Malarvizhi (2006). Morinda pubescens JE Smith (Morinda tinctoria Roxb) fruit extract accelerates wound healing in rats. J Med Food 9: 591-593.
[15] Meenakshi, S., Raghavan, G., Nath, V., Ajay Kuma,r S.R. and M. Shanta (2006). Antimicrobial, wound healing and antioxidant activity of Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehm. et Lind. J. Ethnopharmacol. 107: 67-72.
[16] Naik, V. N. (1998). Marathwadyatil Samanya Vanaushhadhi. (Marathi) Amrut Prakashan, Aurangabad.
[17] Okerele, O. (1992). WHO Guidelines for the Assessment of Herbal Medicines. Fitoterapia, 63(2), 99-110.
[18] Olajide, O. A., Aderogba, M.A., Adedopa, A. D. A. and J. M. Makinde (2004). Effects of Anacardium occidentale stem bark extract on in vivo inflammatory models. J Ethnopharmacol 95: 139-142.
[19] Pei, S.J. (2001). Ethnobotanical approaches of traditional medicine studies: Some experiences from Asia. Pharmaceutical Biology, 39:74-79.
[20] Principe, P. (2005). Monetising the pharmacological benefits of plants. US Environmental protection Agency, Washington, D.C. pp. 1991.
[21] Reddy, J. S., Rao, P. R. and M. S. Reddy (2002). Wound healing effects of Heliotropium indi-cum, Plumbago zeylanicum and Acalypha indica in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 79: 249-251.
[22] Senthil Kumar, M., Sripriya, R., Vijaya Raghavan, H. and P.Sehgal (2006). Wound Healing Potential of Cassia fistula on Infected Albino Rat Model. J Surg Res 131: 283–289.
[23] Sharma, B. D., Karthikeyan, S. and N. P. Singh. (1996). Flora of Maharashtra state,Mono-cotyledones. Botanical Survey of India. Calcutta.
[24] Singh, N. P. and S. Karthikeyan (2000). “Flora of Maharashtra State-Dicotyledones†Vol. I. Botanical Survey of India. Calcutta.
[25] Singh, N. P., Lakshminarasimhan, P., Karthikeyan, S. and P. V. Prasanna (2001). “Flora of Maharashtra State – Dicotyledones†Vol. II. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta
[26] Srinivasan, K., Muruganandan, S., Lal, J., Chandra, S., Tandan, S. K. and V. Raviprakash (2001). Evaluation of antiinflammatory activity of Pongamia pinnata leaves in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 78: 151-157.
[27] Tripathi, Y. C. (2000). Ethno medicinal treasure of tribal Rajasthan. J. Non-Timber for Products, 7(1- 2): 77-84.
Estimation of Height (Stature) From Inferior Extremity Length and Foot Length in Children.
Swati Ramakant Pandhare, Anjali D. Patil, A. Kasote, M. M. Meshram
Abstract: Personal identification is an integral part of the investigation in cases of mass disasters where disintegrated and amputated body organs are found very frequently. Estimating stature from various parameters based on the above mentioned evidences becomes one of the most important and essential exercise for personal identification. Different anthropometric parameters have been measured of 1120 children (576 male children, 544 female children) of the age group ranging from Birth to 5 years. Among these findings, height, inferior extremity length and foot length have been evaluated for sexual dimorphism as well as subjected to statistics to study the correlation of inferior extremity length and foot length with that of height. There is scarcity of literature suggesting stature estimation in this age group hence, further the regression equations have been drawn from the data collected. It has been observed that stature can be estimated from the inferior extremity length and foot length. The Technical Error of Measurements was within the accepted limits. It is determined that there was significant differences (p<0.05) in stature, inferior extremity length and foot length between sexes. Stature, inferior extremity length and foot length are positively and significantly correlated with each other (p<0.01).
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Musculoskeletal morbidities among bus drivers in city of Central India
Introduction: Bus drivers must successfully balance the competing demands of safety, customer – focused service and company operating regulations. Driving frequently involve many risk factors such as prolonged sitting and motor vehicle driving, tight running schedules, reduced rest breaks, rotating shift patterns, traffic congestion, the sedentary nature of job etc. These risk factors are specially important when work demands exceed the physical capacity of the worker. Objectives: 1) To study prevalence and pattern of musculoskeletal morbidities amongst M.S.R.T.C. bus drivers. 2) To study some epidemiological factors related with these morbidities. Material and Methods: The present cross sectional study was carried out among 581 bus drivers of M.S.R.T.C. bus depots in Nagpur city. Data gathered with the help of interview technique using predesigned questionnaire. Information regarding musculoskeletal disorders was gathered with the help of Standardized Nordic Questionnaire. Interview was followed by thorough clinical examination and necessary investigations. Results & Conclusion: Commonest morbidity was backache present in 340 (58.5%) study subjects, followed by joint pain among 268 (46.1%) and commonest site being lower back in 318 (85%). Musculoskeletal discomfort was found significantly related with age, duration of service, daily average driving (km) and duration of driving (hrs/wk). It was also significantly higher in study subjects with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Musculoskeletal discomfort increased significantly with increase in age, duration of service, daily average driving.
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A Study of Demographic Pattern among Geriatric Population in the Field Practice Area of Rural Health Training Centre, Paithan of Govt. Medical College, Aurangabad.
Abstract:
1. Research Question: What is the demographic pattern of geriatric population in rural area?
2. Objectives : i) To study the demographic profile of elderly ii) To study the Socio-economic problems of elderly.
3. Study design: Cross - Sectional Study
4. Settings: Field practice area of R.H.T.C, Paithan of Govt. Medical College, Aurangabad.
5. Participants: Elderly above 60 years of age.
6. Sample size: 625 which was 20 % of total elderly at RHTC, Paithan.
7. Statistical analysis: Chi - Square
8. Results: Total elderly subjects were 625 of which females were
328 (52.48 %) and males were 297 (47.52 %) studied. 339 (54.24%) elderly were from the age group of 60- 69 years. 459
(73.44%) elderly belonged to Hindu religion, 111(17.76%) were Muslims and 47(7.52%) were Buddhist.108 (36.36%) elderly males and 223(67.98%) elderly females were illiterate.199 (67%) males and 143(54.72%) females were economically productive in their life. 437(69.92%) elderly belonged to Class- IV and V of socio-economic classification.161 (49.08 %) females were widowed and 13(3.96%) were separated from their partners
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Hydro Geochemical Processes in the Groundwater Environment of Vemula area, Kadapa District, South India
Abstract: Groundwater is the most precious gift of nature to living beings, particularly to the mankind and is essential for life. In recent years, rapid development has created an increased demand for drinking water, which is increasingly being fulfilled by groundwater abstraction. Groundwater constitutes one of the principal sources of fresh water. Hence it assumes enormous importance in domestic as well as Industrial activities. In view of the groundwater being used for potable purpose, its quality remains one of the issues of concern. The present study was undertaken to assess major ion chemistry of ground water to understand geochemical evolution of groundwater and water quality for promoting sustainable development and effective management of groundwater resources. Sampling procedures and chemical analysis were carried out as per the standard methods. A total of 19 water samples were collected and the water chemistry of various parameters viz. pH, EC, Total Hardness (TH), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), calcium (Ca++), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), carbonate (CO3-), bicarbonate (HCO3-), chloride (Cl-), nitrate (NO3- ), and fluoride (F-) are carried out. A comparison of groundwater quality in relation to drinking water quality standards revealed that most of the samples are suitable for drinking purpose.
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Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDS) Among Adolescents In Second Cycle Institutions In Accra, Ghana: Trends In Sexual Behaviors
Stephen T. Odonkor, Justice Nonvignon, Joseph Adu, Mavis Okyere, Tahiru Mahami
Abstract: Adolescents and youth form the vast majority of sexually active individuals. Many of these young people are at risk with the consequences of unexpected pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STI). The objective of this study was to assess the sexual behaviors of adolescents. Questionnaires were used to obtain data from 250 adolescents between the ages of 15-25 years in a second cycle institution in Accra. As much as
92.1% of the respondents’ have had sex education before. About 49.2% have had sex between the ages of 13 and 18. Also 38.1% were led into having sex because they fell in love. 42.1% of respondents had more than one sexual partner. 35.7% of those who had sex said they used condom to protect themselves, 15.9% used vaginal foaming tablet and 41.3% used condom sometimes during sex. Fifty nine respondents who have had sex education had sex between ages of thirteen and eighteen and only one had sex below 12 years. Forty five percent of respondents who have had sex education protected themselves with condoms when having sex. 78.6% of respondents were aware they can get a sexually transmitted disease from having sex unprotected sex and 77.8% knew that sexually transmitted diseases can lead to infertility. In conclusion, sex education does not really have an effect on adolescent sexual behaviours. Knowledge on of sexually transmitted diseases did not reflect on how and when adolescents get involved in sex.
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Effect of Combined Slow & Fast Pranayamic Breathing Exercises on Autonomic Nervous System
S. B. Jore, T. B. Bhutada, U.S. Patil, S. V. Patil, P. B. Gaikwad
Background- Pranayama is well known breathing exercise which is known to be improving cardiac autonomic status. This effect mainly depends on type & duration of Pranayama for which it is carried out. Objectives - This study was undertaken to access the effects of both fast & slow type pranayama done for short duration on autonomic parameters. Materials & Methods - The study was conducted on 60 healthy M.B.B.S. students. Pranayama practice was carried out daily for 12 weeks which included slow as well as fast breathing exercises. Autonomic nervous system parameters reading were taken before & after pranayama practice. The autonomic status was studied with non-invasive cardiovascular autonomic function tests which included Resting Heart Rate, Basal Blood Pressure, and HRV with deep breathing i.e. E: I Ratio, Cold Pressor Test. Results - There was statistically significant decrease in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, rise of blood pressure after CPT, increase in E: I Ratio after 12th week of Pranayama practice. Also there was decrease in diastolic BP, but this change was not statistically significant. Conclusion - Thus results of study showed a significantly improved vagal tone and reduced sympathetic activity after pranayama training. Thus the regular practice of pranayama has beneficial effect on body as it reduces harmful effect of sympathetic nervous system on cardiovascular system. This can be applied in day today life to reduce incidence of stress related disorders mainly hypertension, stroke, peptic ulcer.
Abstract: Biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes were formed on sterile glass slides in a coincubation apparatus, using inoculated tryptic soy broth, incubated at 37°C for 48 h. The planktonic and biofilm cultures were subjected to incremental gamma radiation doses (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 , 2.0 kGy) from a Cobalt-60 source. The D10 values were calculated from the linear regression model for the logarithm of the surviving fraction and irradiation dose. The survivors and surviving fraction of planktonic and biofilmassociated cells decreased with increased irradiation doses. The D10 value of L. monocytogenes planktonic cells (0.476KGy) was higher than that of biofilm-associated cells (0.379KGy) indicating biofilm cells were more sensitive to ionizing radiation than planktonic cells. The antimicrobial efficacy of ionizing radiation is therefore preserved or enhanced in the treatment of biofilm-associated bacteria.
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Limberg Transposition Flap in the Treatment of Pilonidal Sinus – Our Experience
K. Senthil Kumar, R. Anantharamakrishnan
Introduction: Pilonidal sinus disease is a common surgical condition usually seen in young adults. Although several techniques have been described each one has its own merits and demerits. This study was carried out to evaluate the advantages of primary excision and Limberg flap reconstruction in the management of pilonidal sinus disease. Materials and Method: This study was done in a surgical unit at a tertiary care hospital, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute from June 2009 to June 2012..During the study period 25 patients were enrolled and the duration of operation, postoperative pain, duration of hospital stay, postoperative complications, time until to return to work and recurrence rate were noted. Results: In our study the mean age of presentation was 23 years with male predominance. Average operating time was 81 minutes with postoperative hospital stay of 6 days. Of all the complications, flap necrosis and seroma formation were common with no recurrence in any of our patients during the one year follow up period. Conclusion: When compared with the available data Limberg flap is very effective for pilonidal disease with short hospital stay, earlier healing and shorter time off-work, low complication rates, low recurrence rates,. The surgery can be mastered easily. The results of this study favour rhomboid excision and Limberg flap reconstruction for pilonidal disease over excision with primary closure.
1. Urhan MK, Kucukel F, Topgul K, Ozer I, SariS. Rhomboid excision and Limberg flap for managing pilonidal sinus: results of 102 cases. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002;45: 656–9. 2. Bozkurt MK, Tezel E. Management of pilonidal sinus with the Limberg flap. Dis Colon Rectum. 1998;41:775-7. Marks J, Harding KG, Hughes LE, Riberio CD. Pilonidal sinus excision-healing by open granulation. Br J Surg. 1985;72:637-40 3. McLaren CA. Partial closure and other techniques in pilonidal surgery: an assessment of 157 cases. Br J Surg. 1984;71:561-2. 4. Eryilmaz R, Sahin M, Alimoglu, O, Dasiran, F. Surgical treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus with the Limberg transposition flap. Surgery. 2003;134:745-9. 5. Hodgson WJ, Greenstein RJ. A comparative study between Z-plasty and incision anddrainage or excision with marsupialisation for pilonidal sinuses. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1981;153:842-4. 6. Ersoy E, Onder Devay A, Aktimur R, Doganay B, Ozdogan M,Gundogdu RH. Comparison of the short-term results after Limberg and Karydakis procedures for pilonidal disease: Randomized prospective analysis of 100 patients. Colorectal Dis. 2008;11:705-10. 7. Mentes O, Bagci M, Bilgin T, Ozgul O, Ozdemir M. Limberg flap procedure for pilonidal sinus disease: results of 353 patients. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2008 Mar;393(2):185-9. Epub 2007 Sep 22. 8. Akin M, Gokbayir H, Kilic K, Topgul K, Ozdemir E, Ferahkose Z. Rhomboid excision and Limberg flap for managing pilonidal sinus: long-term results in 411 patients. Colorectal Dis 2008 Nov;10(9):945-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2008.01563.. Epub 2008 May 3. 9. Katsoulis IE, Hibberts F, and Carapeti EA. Outcome of treatment of primary and recurrent pilonidal sinuses with the Limberg flap. Surgeon. 2006 Feb;4(1):7-10, 62.
Clinical Study of Patients of Chronic ear Discharge attending OPD in Govt. Medical College Hospital
Jagdalpur, Bastar Shukla S K
Objective: Clinical study of the patients suffering from Chronic ear discharge. Material and Methods: Patients attending O. P. D. of a Govt. Medical College Hospital Jagdalpur, were taken in to consideration for study .Detail history and clinical examination were carried out of all selected patients. Thus 128 ears of one hundred cases included in the study. Statistical analysis: Statistical analysis was expressed in terms of simple proportion. Results: Otorrhoea was present in most of the sampled cases followed by deafness, tinnitus, headache, earache and vertigo. Recurrent nasal and throat infection was the most common associated factors responsible for chronic ear discharge. Conclusion: There is an urgent need to bring awareness among the masses about various aspects of the disease; similarly consulting doctors must be motivated for rational use of drugs, by keeping in mind the development of resistance against antibiotics.
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An Effort to Domesticate Wild Edible Mushrooms Growing in the Forest of Jharkhand
Ajay K Srivastava, Fr Prabhat Kennedy Soreng s.j
Abstract: Jharkhand has a rich biodiversity of wild edible mushrooms. A number of edible mushrooms growing in their natural habitats are being collected by the local people during the rainy season for their consumption or sale. Some of the common wild edible mushrooms of Jharkhand are Macrolepiota procera , Termitomyces clypeatus,T. heimii, Lycoperdon, Calvatia, Geastrum, Boletus edulis, Russula, Termitomyces microcarpous, Amanita, Clitocybe, Armillaria etc.They are rich in protein and can easily fit into all’s platter, being a vegetarian product. The villagers are acquainted with them, but they just collect them and consume. The idea to conserve and cultivate them is still eluding them. The ongoing study is an effort to domesticate some of these wild edible mushrooms in an artificial condition that they can be conserved and grown all throughout the year and standardize a package of practice for these mushrooms so that villagers could find some avenues to generate income through mushroom cultivation and marketing.
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Glucose and Total Sugars Content and Changes therein in the Seeds of Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken.(kusum) due to Bioterioration by Pathogenic Fungi during Storage
AK Srivastava, GK Pandey
Abstract:Seeds of one of the non-edible oilseed, kusum(Schleichera oleosa f . Sapindaceae) are of great significance in Jharkhand area and its oil is used in burning lamps, varnishing, massage and medicine. Its oil-cake is a good manure. The unsanitary and humid condition makes it prone to a faster biodeterioration due to several fungal inhabitants during storage. The colonising fungi in the seeds use up some of the glucose and sugars as carbon sources for meeting energy requirements in their prolonged association with the seeds. In the span of one year the glucose level dropped by as much as 50.2 percent of its initial value. Similarly, total sugar also registered a loss of 40.4 percent due to the association of the mycodwellers.
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Antifungal Properties of Gamma-Irradiated Chitosan from Sea Crab Shells
F.C.K. Ocloo, A. Adu-Gyamfi, E. A. Quarcoo, Y. Serfor-Armah, D.K. Asare
Abstract: Chitosan extracted from sea crab shells was used to determine antifungal properties against Aspergillus niger. Chitosan powder irradiated at 100 kGy and dissolved in 1 % acetic acid (v/v) with pH adjusted to approximately 6.0 was used in preparing chitosan concentrations of 2 %, 1.5 %, 1 % and 0.5 %. The agar dilution method was used to test the antifungal activity of the various chitosan solutions at concentrations of 0.20 %, 0.15 %, 0.10 % and 0.05 %. Both media containing irradiated and unirradiated chitosan inhibited the mycelial growth of Aspergillus niger and the degree of inhibition was dependent on the concentration of the chitosan in the fungal growth medium. Results show that the media containing irradiated chitosan inhibited the mycelia growth of Aspergillus niger to a greater extent than the media containing unirradiated chitosan.
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Hydrochemical Characteristics and Quality Assessment of Groundwater in Parts of Kannad, District Aurangabad (MS) INDIA.
G.D. Mahajan
Abstract: An attempt has been made to appreciate the quality and the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation. In order to attend this objective, a total of 20 representative water samples were collected from dug wells; and analyzed for pH, total dissolved salts, electrical conductivity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulphate, bicarbonate and nitrate. Based on the physicochemical analyses, irrigation quality parameters like sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC), was calculated. The suitability of the water from the groundwater sources for drinking purposes was evaluated by comparing the values of different water quality parameters with WHO and BIS guideline values for drinking water. A preliminary hydrochemical characterization shows that most of the samples are within permissible limit for drinking water standards. The correlation of the analytical data has been attempted by plotting graphical representations such as U.S. Salinity Laboratory, which are employed to critically study the geochemical characteristics of groundwater which indicates that groundwater is suitable for irrigation purpose.
[1] Aher K.R. and Deshpande S.M. (2011): Assessment of Water Quality of the Maniyad Reservoir of Parala Village, district Aurangabad: Suitability for Multipurpose Usage, Recent Trends in Science And Technology, Vol.1, (3), pp 91-95. [2] APHA (1992). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Waters, American Public Health Association, 18th Edition, Washington, DC. [3] BIS (1991). Specifications for Drinking Water, IS: 10500: 1991, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India. [4] Deshpande S.M., and Aher, K.R. (2011). Quality Characterization of Groundwater of Tribakeswar-Peth area of the Nashik district and its Suitability for Domestic and Irrigation Purpose. Gondwana Geological Magzine, Vol. 26 (2). [5] Deshpande S.M.and Aher K.R.(2012):Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and its Suitability for Drinking and Agriculture use in Parts of Vaijapur, District Aurangabad, MS, India, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, vol.2(1), pp 25-31. [6] Purushtotham, D., Rao, A.N., Ravi Prakash, M., Shakeel Ahmed and G. Ashok Babu (2011). Environmental impact on groundwater of Maheshwaram watershed, Ranga Reddy district, Andhra Pradesh, Jour. of Geological society of India, Vol. 77, pp 539. [7] P. Ravikumar., R. K. Somashekar, and Mhasizonuo Angami (2011). Hydrochemistry and evaluation of groundwater suitability for irrigation and drinking purposes in the Markandeya River basin, Belgaum District, Karnataka State, India, Environ Monit Assess,173:459–487, DOI 10.1007/s10661-010-1399-2 [8] Reddy, L Chandra Sekhar., Deshpande, SM., Reddy, KV Ramana.,and Aher, KR (2012). Hydro Geochemical Processes in the Groundwater Environment of Vemula area, Kadapa District, South India, Recent Trends in Science and Technology, Vol. 3 ( 1), pp 18-24. [9] Richard, L.A. (1954): Diagnosis and improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils, Agric. Handbook 60, U.S. Dept. Agric., Washington, D.C., 160 pp [10] Tatawat, R. K.,and C.P. Singh Chandel (2007). Quality of ground water of Jaipur city and its suitability for domestic and irrigation purpose, Applied Ecology and Environmental Research vol. 6(2) pp 79-88. [11] Trivedi, R.K. and Goel,P.K.,(1984). Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies. Environmental Publications Karad, India 215. [12] Todd, D.K. (1980): Ground water Hydrology, John Willey & sons publishers, New York [13] U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) (1954): Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils, Handbook 60. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. [14] World health organization.(1993) Guidelines for drinking water. Vol.1. (pp. 52-82). Geneva.
Assessment of Knowledge and Practices about Menstrual Hygiene amongst Rural and Urban Adolescent Girls –A comparative Study
S.B.Salve, R.K. Dase, S.M.Mahajan, S.A.Adchitre
Abstract: Adolescence is the period of transition from childhood to adulthood, spanning the age between 10 to 19 years. In girls Menarche starts during this period, and girls feel shy to discuss the topic openly, So to assess the knowledge and practices amongst rural and urban adolescent, present study was carried out in Study area comprises Z.P. High school Ambelohale form rural area and Sharda Mandir Girls High School Aurangabad from Urban area. In the field practice area of MGM Medical College Aurangabad. (M.S.). During the period January 2011 to April 2011. A total of 189 rural and 132 urban girls of 8th to 10th standard were included in this study. Pretested questionnaire was used to collect the information. Post test health Education was given about reproductive health, menstrual hygiene by Gynecologists. Findings were analyzed and statistical relationship was determined by using chi-square test. Results:- 93(49%) rural & 94(71%) urban girls had started menarche ,regularities of menstruation was better in rural girls i.e. 87(94%) compared to urban girls, 53(56%). Percentage of using market available sanitary napkins was more in urban girls 56(60%) compared to rural girls 6 (06%) whereas homemade sanitary napkins were used by 87(94%) rural girls & 38 (40%) urban girls and this difference was statistically significant .amongst rural girls ,female teacher was the main source of knowledge 89(47%) while it was mother in urban area 48(36%).knowledge about reproductive system, determination of foetal sex, age of marriage etc. was better amongst urban girls. Social taboos like separate sitting, restriction on attending school & social functions were more amongst rural girls while sanitary facilities like attached toilet , full wall bathroom ,sufficient water etc were less in rural areas. Differences came out of study were statistically significant. Conclusion: - knowledge, practices, sanitary facilities were less amongst rural girl compared to urban girls. Recommendation:-1) sanitary facilities should made available to each house under NRHM. 2) Sanitary napkins should made available at lowest cost with AWW/ANM/ASHA 3) Health education in small groups of girls, to increase health awareness and healthful practices should be given regularly
[1] World Health Organization Report, 1998, Geneva. [2] Brunner and Siddharth, “Text book of Medical Surgical Nursing “, Seventh Edition, published by J.B.Lippincot Company, 1992. [3] Bobak M.I, Lowdermilk L.D.et al “Monitoring Nursingâ€, IV edition Mosbey year Book Inc.1991. [4] Dhingra R, Kumar A. “Knowledge and practices related to menstruation among tribal (Gujjar) adolescent girlsâ€. Etho-Med 2009; vol.3 (1):PP 43-48. [5] Rajaretnam T, Hallad JS. “Menarche, menstrual problems and reproductive tract infections among adolescents in the rural and urban areas of northern Karnataka in Indiaâ€, European population Conference 1-4 September 2010; Vienna Austria. [6] Khann A, Goyal R.S, Bhawsar R.†Menstrual practices and reproductive problems: A study of adolescent girls in Rajasthanâ€, Journal of Health Management 2005; vol.7 (1) : PP 91-97. [7] Dasgupta A, Sarkar M.,†Menstrual Hygiene: How Hygienic is the Adolescent Girl?.â€, Indian Journal of Community Medicine 2008; vol.33 (2) : PP 77- 80. [8] Narayan KA, Shrivastava, DK, Pelto PJ, Veerapmmal S.†Puberty rituals Reproductive and health of adolescent school girls of south Indiaâ€, Asia Pacific Population Journal, June, 2001; Vol16: PP 225-38. [9] Quazi SZ., Gaidhane A., Singh D,†Beliefs s and practices regarding menstruation among the adolescent girls of high schools and junior colleges of the rural areas of Thane districtâ€. Journal of DMIMSU 2006.vol. 2: PP 76-71.
School Children as ‘Messengers’ for Improving Vitamin A Knowledge and Practices in Urban Slums.
Pradip Sawardekar, Gopa Kothari, Madhavi Marathe
Background: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is still a significant public health problem in India among children. Deliberate and sustained nutrition education has been recognized as a potent tool for prevention and control of VAD. Children being future parents need to be aware of good nutrition and therefore it is important to provide nutrition education to them. Objective: To educate school children to initiate change in knowledge and practices with a specific focus on vitamin A deficiency. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in selected slums in Mumbai. Western India. 50 school going children and their mothers were selected for the study. Questionnaire, individual interviews and focus group discussions were employed to collect data from both the groups at the baseline. Participatory learning techniques and group dynamics approach were used during education the sessions. Results: The knowledge scores of the children showed a significant change (P<0.001) after the intervention. There was significant increase in weekly frequency of consumption of YOVs (P<0.5). The mothers were aware of vitamin A foods (87.5%) and its deficiency (68.8%) after the intervention. Conclusion: Children can be used as messengers for spreading nutritional messages and promoting vitamin A foods. Involvement of mothers in nutrition education has compounding effect.
[1] Subbulakshami G. Ganapathi S. Curr.Reas.In Home Sc. S.N.D.T. Women’s University, 1997. [2] Devadas R.P., Intervention for promoting dietary intake of vitamin A in rural areas.In proceedings of the workshop “Vitamin A Deficiency and its Controlâ€.3-5 April, Madurai, India, 1991.
Role of Ultrasonic Bone Surgery Device (Piezosurgery®) in Harvesting Intraoral Autogenous Bone Graft – A Case Report
Pooja M Pharne, Dinesh Hingorani, Ulhas S.Mali, Smita Vitthal Patil
Abstract: Piezosurgery® is a sophisticated ultrasonic device (Mectron,Italy) invented by Dr.Tomaso Vercellotti. Present study was conducted to see the efficacy and safety of ultrasonic bone surgery device in harvesting intraoral autogenous bone graft and to compair it with manual and rotary instruments. It is concluded that piezosurgery is very easy and safe to use for harvesting intraoral autogenous bone graft as compared to manual and rotary instruments.
[1] Kennedy JE, Ter Haar GR, Cranston D. High intensity focused ultrasound: Surgery of the future? Br J Radiol, 76, 590-599, 2003. [2] Maintz G.Animal experiments in the study of the effect of ultrasonic waves on bone regeneration Strahlentherapie, 82, 631-638, 1950. [3] Peñarrocha Diago M, Ortega Sánchez B, GarcÃa Mira B et al. Evaluation of healing criteria for success after periapical surgery. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal, 13, E143-7, 2008. [4] MartÃ-Bowen E, Peñarrocha-Diago M, GarcÃa-Mira B. Periapical surgery using the ultrasound technique and silver amalgam retrograde filling. A study of 71 teeth with 100 canals. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal.,10, E67-73, 2005. [5] Vercellotti T. Technological characteristics and clinical indications of piezoelectric bone surgery. Minerva Stomatol, 53, 207-214, 2004. [6] Eggers G, Klein J, Blank J, Hassfeld S. Piezosurgery: An ultrasound device for cutting bone and its use and limitations in maxillofacial surgery. Br J Maxillofac Surg, 42, 451-453, 2004. [7] Metzger MC, Bormann KH, Schoen R, Gellrich NC, Schmelzeisen R. Inferior alveolar nerve transposition- an in vitro comparison between piezosurgery and convencional bur use. J Oral Implantol, 32 ,19-25, 2006. [8] Mauro Labanca, Flavio Azzola et al - Piezoelectric surgery: Twenty years of use. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 46, 265–269, 2008. [9] Schlee M, Steigmann M, Bratu E, Garg AK. Piezosurgery-Basics and possibilities. Implant Dent, 15, 334-340, 2006. [10] Stübinger S, Kuttenberger J, Filippi A, Sader R, Zeilhofer HF. Intraoral Piezosurgery: Preliminary results of a new technique.J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 63, 1283-1287, 2005. [11] Von Arx T, Hafliger J, Chappuis V – Neurosensory disturbances following bone harvesting in symphysis : a prospective clinical study. Clin Oral Implants Res, 16 ,432-439, 2005. [12] Jonathon Schofield and Amit Patel- Using piezosurgery to harvest a block bone graft from the symphyseal region: a clinical case presentation. Implant dentistry today, 1(4), 20-24, 2007. [13] Aro H,kallionieme H, Aho AJ et al. Ultrasonic device in bone cutting. A histological and scanning electron microscopical study. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, 52, 5-10, 1981. [14] Horton JE, Tarpley TM Jr, Jacoway JR. Clinical applications of ultrasonic instrumentation in the surgery removal of bone. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 51, 236-242, 1981. [15] Horton JE, Tarpley TM Jr, Wood LD. The healing of surgical defects in alveolar bone produced with ultrasonic instrumentation,chisel, and rotary bur. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 39, 536- 546, 1975. [16] Vercellotti T, Nevins ML, Kim DM, Nevins M, Wada K, Schenk RK, et al. Osseous response following resective therapy with piezosurgery. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent., 25, 543-9, 2005. [17] Burchardt H. Biology of bone transplantation. Orthop Clin North Am, 18(2), 187-196, 1987. [18] Chiriac G, Herten M, Schwarz F, Rothamel D, Becker J. Autogenous bone chips: Influence of a new piezoelectric device (Piezosurgery) on chip morphology, cell viability and differentiation. J Clin Periodontol, 32, 994-999, 2005. [19] Giulio Preti,Germana Martinasso et al - Cytokines and Growth Factors Involved in the Osseointegration of Oral Titanium Implants Positioned Using Piezoelectric Bone Surgery Versus a Drill Technique: A Pilot Study in Minipigs Journal of Periodontology,78(4), 716-722, April 2007.
Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by the Tribal’s in Cure of Wounds in Buldhana District (MS) INDIA
A. N. Korpenwar
Abstract: Buldhana District of Maharashtra state (India) has a rich biodiversity of medicinal plant species. An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in Buldana district, Maharashtra during July, 2008 to March, 2010 for documentation of wound healing knowledge acquired by the tribal communities. The tribal communities possess rich knowledge about medicinal plants and its uses as they are far away from modern facilities. Therefore, we have done an exhaustive ethnobotanical survey in this area. A list of 72 wound healing plants species are recorded, which are in practice by traditional healers of tribal communities. The traditional healers in this area use the wild as well as cultivated plants in the treatment of wounds. Documenting the indigenous knowledge through ethnobotanical studies is important for the conservation and utilization of biological resources and for the wale fare of human being. The plants were identified with relevant information and are documented alphabetically with their botanical name, family, local name, parts used, mode of preparation and uses.
[1] Biswas, T. K. and B. Mukherjee (2003). Plant Medicines of Indian Origin for Wound Healing Activity: A Review. Lower Extr Wounds, 2: 25–39. [2] Cano, J. H. and G. Volpato (2004). Herbal mixtures in the traditional medicine of Eastern Cuba. J. Ethnopharmacol., 90:293-316 [3] Cooke, T. (1967). (Rpr.) The Flora of the Presidency of Bombay. Vol. I, II, III. Botanical Survey of India. Culcutta. [4] Dobriyal, R. M. and D. B. A. Narayana (1998). Ayurvedic herbal raw material. The Eastern Pharmacist. 31-35. [5] Gould, J. C. and J. H. Bowie (1952). The determination of bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics. Edinb. Med. J. 59:178-199. [6] Enoch, S. and D. John Leaper (2005). Basic science of wound healing. Surgery 23: 37 – 42. [7] Ghorbani, A. (2005). Studies on pharmaceutical ethnobotany in the region of Turkmen Sahra, north of Iran (Part 1): general results. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 102, 58-68. [8] Gurib-Fakim, A. (2006). Review – Medicinal plants: Traditions of Yesterday and drugs of tomorrow. Mol Asp Med 27: 1- 93. [9] Hooker, J. D. (1872-1997). The Flora of British India. Vol. I – VII. London. [10] Krishnan, P. (2006). The scientific study of herbal wound healing therapies: Current state of play. Curr Anaes Crit Care, 17: 21–27. [11] Kumar, B., Vijayakumar, M., Govindarajan, R., and P. Pushpangadan (2007). Ethnopharma-cological approaches to wound healing-Exploring medicinal plants of India, J Ethno-pharmacol 114: 103-113. [12] Maenthaisong, R., Chaiyakunapruk, N., Niruntraporn, S.and C. Kongkaew (2007). The efficacy of Aloe vera used for burn wound healing: A systematic review. Burns. 33: 713-718. [13] Manjunatha, B. K., Vidya, S. M., Krishna, V., Mankani, K. L., Singh, S.D. and Y. N. Manohara (2007). Comparative evaluation of wound healing potency of Vitex trifolia L. and Vitex altissima L. Phytother Res 21: 457-461. [14] Mathivanan, N., Surendiran, G., Srinivasan, K. and K. Malarvizhi (2006). Morinda pubescens JE Smith (Morinda tinctoria Roxb) fruit extract accelerates wound healing in rats. J Med Food 9: 591-593. [15] Meenakshi, S., Raghavan, G., Nath, V., Ajay Kuma,r S.R. and M. Shanta (2006). Antimicrobial, wound healing and antioxidant activity of Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehm. et Lind. J. Ethnopharmacol. 107: 67-72. [16] Naik, V. N. (1998). Marathwadyatil Samanya Vanaushhadhi. (Marathi) Amrut Prakashan, Aurangabad. [17] Okerele, O. (1992). WHO Guidelines for the Assessment of Herbal Medicines. Fitoterapia, 63(2), 99-110. [18] Olajide, O. A., Aderogba, M.A., Adedopa, A. D. A. and J. M. Makinde (2004). Effects of Anacardium occidentale stem bark extract on in vivo inflammatory models. J Ethnopharmacol 95: 139-142. [19] Pei, S.J. (2001). Ethnobotanical approaches of traditional medicine studies: Some experiences from Asia. Pharmaceutical Biology, 39:74-79. [20] Principe, P. (2005). Monetising the pharmacological benefits of plants. US Environmental protection Agency, Washington, D.C. pp. 1991. [21] Reddy, J. S., Rao, P. R. and M. S. Reddy (2002). Wound healing effects of Heliotropium indi-cum, Plumbago zeylanicum and Acalypha indica in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 79: 249-251. [22] Senthil Kumar, M., Sripriya, R., Vijaya Raghavan, H. and P.Sehgal (2006). Wound Healing Potential of Cassia fistula on Infected Albino Rat Model. J Surg Res 131: 283–289. [23] Sharma, B. D., Karthikeyan, S. and N. P. Singh. (1996). Flora of Maharashtra state,Mono-cotyledones. Botanical Survey of India. Calcutta. [24] Singh, N. P. and S. Karthikeyan (2000). “Flora of Maharashtra State-Dicotyledones†Vol. I. Botanical Survey of India. Calcutta. [25] Singh, N. P., Lakshminarasimhan, P., Karthikeyan, S. and P. V. Prasanna (2001). “Flora of Maharashtra State – Dicotyledones†Vol. II. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta [26] Srinivasan, K., Muruganandan, S., Lal, J., Chandra, S., Tandan, S. K. and V. Raviprakash (2001). Evaluation of antiinflammatory activity of Pongamia pinnata leaves in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 78: 151-157. [27] Tripathi, Y. C. (2000). Ethno medicinal treasure of tribal Rajasthan. J. Non-Timber for Products, 7(1- 2): 77-84.
Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by the Tribal’s in Cure of Wounds in Buldhana District (MS) INDIA
A. N. Korpenwar
biodiversity of medicinal plant species. An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in Buldana district, Maharashtra during July, 2008 to March, 2010 for documentation of wound healing knowledge acquired by the tribal communities. The tribal communities possess rich knowledge about medicinal plants and its uses as they are far away from modern facilities. Therefore, we have done an exhaustive ethnobotanical survey in this area. A list of 72 wound healing plants species are recorded, which are in practice by traditional healers of tribal communities. The traditional healers in this area use the wild as well as cultivated plants in the treatment of wounds. Documenting the indigenous knowledge through ethnobotanical studies is important for the conservation and utilization of biological resources and for the wale fare of human being. The plants were identified with relevant information and are documented alphabetically with their botanical name, family, local name, parts used, mode of preparation and uses.
[1] Biswas, T. K. and B. Mukherjee (2003). Plant Medicines of Indian Origin for Wound Healing Activity: A Review. Lower Extr Wounds, 2: 25–39. [2] Cano, J. H. and G. Volpato (2004). Herbal mixtures in the traditional medicine of Eastern Cuba. J. Ethnopharmacol., 90:293-316 [3] Cooke, T. (1967). (Rpr.) The Flora of the Presidency of Bombay. Vol. I, II, III. Botanical Survey of India. Culcutta. [4] Dobriyal, R. M. and D. B. A. Narayana (1998). Ayurvedic herbal raw material. The Eastern Pharmacist. 31-35. [5] Gould, J. C. and J. H. Bowie (1952). The determination of bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics. Edinb. Med. J. 59:178-199. [6] Enoch, S. and D. John Leaper (2005). Basic science of wound healing. Surgery 23: 37 – 42. [7] Ghorbani, A. (2005). Studies on pharmaceutical ethnobotany in the region of Turkmen Sahra, north of Iran (Part 1): general results. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 102, 58-68. [8] Gurib-Fakim, A. (2006). Review – Medicinal plants: Traditions of Yesterday and drugs of tomorrow. Mol Asp Med 27: 1- 93. [9] Hooker, J. D. (1872-1997). The Flora of British India. Vol. I – VII. London. [10] Krishnan, P. (2006). The scientific study of herbal wound healing therapies: Current state of play. Curr Anaes Crit Care, 17: 21–27. [11] Kumar, B., Vijayakumar, M., Govindarajan, R., and P. Pushpangadan (2007). Ethnopharma-cological approaches to wound healing-Exploring medicinal plants of India, J Ethno-pharmacol 114: 103-113. [12] Maenthaisong, R., Chaiyakunapruk, N., Niruntraporn, S.and C. Kongkaew (2007). The efficacy of Aloe vera used for burn wound healing: A systematic review. Burns. 33: 713-718. [13] Manjunatha, B. K., Vidya, S. M., Krishna, V., Mankani, K. L., Singh, S.D. and Y. N. Manohara (2007). Comparative evaluation of wound healing potency of Vitex trifolia L. and Vitex altissima L. Phytother Res 21: 457-461. [14] Mathivanan, N., Surendiran, G., Srinivasan, K. and K. Malarvizhi (2006). Morinda pubescens JE Smith (Morinda tinctoria Roxb) fruit extract accelerates wound healing in rats. J Med Food 9: 591-593. [15] Meenakshi, S., Raghavan, G., Nath, V., Ajay Kuma,r S.R. and M. Shanta (2006). Antimicrobial, wound healing and antioxidant activity of Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehm. et Lind. J. Ethnopharmacol. 107: 67-72. [16] Naik, V. N. (1998). Marathwadyatil Samanya Vanaushhadhi. (Marathi) Amrut Prakashan, Aurangabad. [17] Okerele, O. (1992). WHO Guidelines for the Assessment of Herbal Medicines. Fitoterapia, 63(2), 99-110. [18] Olajide, O. A., Aderogba, M.A., Adedopa, A. D. A. and J. M. Makinde (2004). Effects of Anacardium occidentale stem bark extract on in vivo inflammatory models. J Ethnopharmacol 95: 139-142. [19] Pei, S.J. (2001). Ethnobotanical approaches of traditional medicine studies: Some experiences from Asia. Pharmaceutical Biology, 39:74-79. [20] Principe, P. (2005). Monetising the pharmacological benefits of plants. US Environmental protection Agency, Washington, D.C. pp. 1991. [21] Reddy, J. S., Rao, P. R. and M. S. Reddy (2002). Wound healing effects of Heliotropium indi-cum, Plumbago zeylanicum and Acalypha indica in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 79: 249-251. [22] Senthil Kumar, M., Sripriya, R., Vijaya Raghavan, H. and P.Sehgal (2006). Wound Healing Potential of Cassia fistula on Infected Albino Rat Model. J Surg Res 131: 283–289. [23] Sharma, B. D., Karthikeyan, S. and N. P. Singh. (1996). Flora of Maharashtra state,Mono-cotyledones. Botanical Survey of India. Calcutta. [24] Singh, N. P. and S. Karthikeyan (2000). “Flora of Maharashtra State-Dicotyledones†Vol. I. Botanical Survey of India. Calcutta. [25] Singh, N. P., Lakshminarasimhan, P., Karthikeyan, S. and P. V. Prasanna (2001). “Flora of Maharashtra State – Dicotyledones†Vol. II. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta [26] Srinivasan, K., Muruganandan, S., Lal, J., Chandra, S., Tandan, S. K. and V. Raviprakash (2001). Evaluation of antiinflammatory activity of Pongamia pinnata leaves in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 78: 151-157. [27] Tripathi, Y. C. (2000). Ethno medicinal treasure of tribal Rajasthan. J. Non-Timber for Products, 7(1- 2): 77-84.
Estimation of Height (Stature) From Inferior Extremity Length and Foot Length in Children.
Swati Ramakant Pandhare, Anjali D. Patil, A. Kasote, M. M. Meshram
Abstract: Personal identification is an integral part of the investigation in cases of mass disasters where disintegrated and amputated body organs are found very frequently. Estimating stature from various parameters based on the above mentioned evidences becomes one of the most important and essential exercise for personal identification. Different anthropometric parameters have been measured of 1120 children (576 male children, 544 female children) of the age group ranging from Birth to 5 years. Among these findings, height, inferior extremity length and foot length have been evaluated for sexual dimorphism as well as subjected to statistics to study the correlation of inferior extremity length and foot length with that of height. There is scarcity of literature suggesting stature estimation in this age group hence, further the regression equations have been drawn from the data collected. It has been observed that stature can be estimated from the inferior extremity length and foot length. The Technical Error of Measurements was within the accepted limits. It is determined that there was significant differences (p<0.05) in stature, inferior extremity length and foot length between sexes. Stature, inferior extremity length and foot length are positively and significantly correlated with each other (p<0.01).
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Musculoskeletal morbidities among bus drivers in city of Central India
Amod Borle, Sandeep Gunjal, Ashok Jadhao, Suresh Ughade, Arun Humne
Introduction: Bus drivers must successfully balance the competing demands of safety, customer – focused service and company operating regulations. Driving frequently involve many risk factors such as prolonged sitting and motor vehicle driving, tight running schedules, reduced rest breaks, rotating shift patterns, traffic congestion, the sedentary nature of job etc. These risk factors are specially important when work demands exceed the physical capacity of the worker. Objectives: 1) To study prevalence and pattern of musculoskeletal morbidities amongst M.S.R.T.C. bus drivers. 2) To study some epidemiological factors related with these morbidities. Material and Methods: The present cross sectional study was carried out among 581 bus drivers of M.S.R.T.C. bus depots in Nagpur city. Data gathered with the help of interview technique using predesigned questionnaire. Information regarding musculoskeletal disorders was gathered with the help of Standardized Nordic Questionnaire. Interview was followed by thorough clinical examination and necessary investigations. Results & Conclusion: Commonest morbidity was backache present in 340 (58.5%) study subjects, followed by joint pain among 268 (46.1%) and commonest site being lower back in 318 (85%). Musculoskeletal discomfort was found significantly related with age, duration of service, daily average driving (km) and duration of driving (hrs/wk). It was also significantly higher in study subjects with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Musculoskeletal discomfort increased significantly with increase in age, duration of service, daily average driving.
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A Study of Demographic Pattern among Geriatric Population in the Field Practice Area of Rural Health Training Centre, Paithan of Govt. Medical College, Aurangabad.
Jadhav V.S, Mundada V.D, Gaikwad A.V, Doibale M.K, Kulkarni A.P
Abstract: 1. Research Question: What is the demographic pattern of geriatric population in rural area? 2. Objectives : i) To study the demographic profile of elderly ii) To study the Socio-economic problems of elderly. 3. Study design: Cross - Sectional Study 4. Settings: Field practice area of R.H.T.C, Paithan of Govt. Medical College, Aurangabad. 5. Participants: Elderly above 60 years of age. 6. Sample size: 625 which was 20 % of total elderly at RHTC, Paithan. 7. Statistical analysis: Chi - Square 8. Results: Total elderly subjects were 625 of which females were 328 (52.48 %) and males were 297 (47.52 %) studied. 339 (54.24%) elderly were from the age group of 60- 69 years. 459 (73.44%) elderly belonged to Hindu religion, 111(17.76%) were Muslims and 47(7.52%) were Buddhist.108 (36.36%) elderly males and 223(67.98%) elderly females were illiterate.199 (67%) males and 143(54.72%) females were economically productive in their life. 437(69.92%) elderly belonged to Class- IV and V of socio-economic classification.161 (49.08 %) females were widowed and 13(3.96%) were separated from their partners
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Hydro Geochemical Processes in the Groundwater Environment of Vemula area, Kadapa District, South India
L. Chandra Sekhar Reddy, S.M. Deshpande, K.V. Ramana Reddy, K.R. Aher
Abstract: Groundwater is the most precious gift of nature to living beings, particularly to the mankind and is essential for life. In recent years, rapid development has created an increased demand for drinking water, which is increasingly being fulfilled by groundwater abstraction. Groundwater constitutes one of the principal sources of fresh water. Hence it assumes enormous importance in domestic as well as Industrial activities. In view of the groundwater being used for potable purpose, its quality remains one of the issues of concern. The present study was undertaken to assess major ion chemistry of ground water to understand geochemical evolution of groundwater and water quality for promoting sustainable development and effective management of groundwater resources. Sampling procedures and chemical analysis were carried out as per the standard methods. A total of 19 water samples were collected and the water chemistry of various parameters viz. pH, EC, Total Hardness (TH), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), calcium (Ca++), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), carbonate (CO3-), bicarbonate (HCO3-), chloride (Cl-), nitrate (NO3- ), and fluoride (F-) are carried out. A comparison of groundwater quality in relation to drinking water quality standards revealed that most of the samples are suitable for drinking purpose.
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Handbook 60, U.S. Dept of Agriculture, Washington. D.C., 160p. [30] Saadi Zakaria, Maslouhi Abdellatif (2003). Modeling nitrogen dynamics in unsaturated soils for evaluating nitrate contamination of the Mnasra groundwater. Adv. Environ. Res., v.7pp. 803-823. [31] Schroder JJ, Scholefield D, Cabral F, Hofman G (2004). The effects of nutrient losses from agriculture on ground and surface water quality: the position of science in developing indicators for regulation. Environmental Science and Policy, 7 (1), pp 15-23. [32] Shivanna, K.T. and Mohokar, H.V. (2003). Isotope hydrochemical approach to study the fluoride contamination in groundwater of Ilkal area, Bagalkot District, Karnataka. Proc. Of the Int. Conference on Water and Environment, Bhopal, India. Allied Publ. Pvt. Ltd., pp.332-346. [33] Shrestha RK, Ladha JK (2002). Nitrate pollution in groundwater and strategies to reduce pollution. Water Sci. Technol., v.45(9),pp. 29-35. [34] Subba Rao.,N., P. Surya Rao., G. Venktram Reddy., M. Nagamani., G. Vidyasagar & N. L. V. V. Satyanarayana (2011).Chemical characteristics of groundwater and assessment of groundwater quality in Varaha River Basin, Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, India, Environ Monit Assess DOI 10.1007/s10661-011-2333-y [35] Tatawat RK, Chandel CPS (2008) A hydrochemical profile for assessing the groundwater quality of Jaipur City. Environ Monit Assess 143:337–343 [36] Todd, D. K. (1980). Groundwater hydrology. New York: Wiley. 535 p. [37] WHO (1984).Guidelines for drinking water quality, Vol. 1, Recommendations, World Health Organization, Geneva, pp. 1-4.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDS) Among Adolescents In Second Cycle Institutions In Accra, Ghana: Trends In Sexual Behaviors
Stephen T. Odonkor, Justice Nonvignon, Joseph Adu, Mavis Okyere, Tahiru Mahami
Abstract: Adolescents and youth form the vast majority of sexually active individuals. Many of these young people are at risk with the consequences of unexpected pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STI). The objective of this study was to assess the sexual behaviors of adolescents. Questionnaires were used to obtain data from 250 adolescents between the ages of 15-25 years in a second cycle institution in Accra. As much as 92.1% of the respondents’ have had sex education before. About 49.2% have had sex between the ages of 13 and 18. Also 38.1% were led into having sex because they fell in love. 42.1% of respondents had more than one sexual partner. 35.7% of those who had sex said they used condom to protect themselves, 15.9% used vaginal foaming tablet and 41.3% used condom sometimes during sex. Fifty nine respondents who have had sex education had sex between ages of thirteen and eighteen and only one had sex below 12 years. Forty five percent of respondents who have had sex education protected themselves with condoms when having sex. 78.6% of respondents were aware they can get a sexually transmitted disease from having sex unprotected sex and 77.8% knew that sexually transmitted diseases can lead to infertility. In conclusion, sex education does not really have an effect on adolescent sexual behaviours. Knowledge on of sexually transmitted diseases did not reflect on how and when adolescents get involved in sex.
1. Ghana Statistical Service, 1993 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, Accra, Ghana: 2. Ghana Health Service, HIV Sentinel Survey 2002, Accra, Ghana: Ministry of Health, 2003. 3. Mensa-Bonsu HJAN, AIDS and the Ghana legal system, Health Transition Review, 1995, 5(Suppl.):279–292. 4. Ankomah A and Ford N, Pre-marital sexual behaviour and its impact for HIV prevention in Ghana, Occasional Paper, Exeter, UK: Institute of Population Studies, University of Exeter, 1993, 5. Family Health International and Research International, Behavioural Surveillance Survey, Ghana, 2000, Accra, Ghana: National AIDS Control Programme, Ministry of Health, 2001. 6. UNAIDS, 2004 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, July 2004. UNAIDS Ghana Country Page, http://www.unaids.org/en/geographical+area/by+countr y/ghana.asp. 7. Grunbaum JA et al. Prevalence of health risk behaviors among Asian American/Pacific Islander high school students. J Adolesc Health 2000; 27:322-30. 8. 5- Saewyc EM et al. Sexual intercourse, abuse and pregnancy among adolescent women: does sexual orientation make a difference? Fam Plann Perspect 1999;31:127-31. 9. 6- Michael RT et al. Sex in America: A Definitive Survey. Boston: Little, Brown, 1994. 10. Sex Education in America.(Washington, DC: National Public Radio, Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, and Kennedy School of Government, 2004), p. 5. 11. Gates GJ, Sonenstein FL. Heterosexual genital sexual activity among adolescent males, 1988 and 1995. Fam Plann Perspect 2000; 32:295-7, 304. 12. UNAIDS, Youth and HIV/AIDS: Opportunity in Crisis, 2002. 13. "National Youth Risk Behavior Survey: 1991-2005" (PDF). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Centers for Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on 2007-09-26. 14. Rosenthal SL et al. Sexual initiation: predictors and developmental trends. Sex Transm Dis 2001; 28:527-32. 15. Jordan TR et al. Junior high school students' perceptions regarding nonconsensual sexual behavior. J Sch Health 1998; 68:289-96. 16. Randolph, M. E., Pinkerton, S. D., Bogart, L. M. (2007). Sexual Pleasure and Condom Use Heather Cecil, and Paul R. Abramson, Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. 17. http://web.archive.org/web/20070926084225/http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/YRBS/pdf/trends/2005_YRB S_Sexual_Behaviors.pdf. Retrieved 2007-05-25.
Effect of Combined Slow & Fast Pranayamic Breathing Exercises on Autonomic Nervous System
S. B. Jore, T. B. Bhutada, U.S. Patil, S. V. Patil, P. B. Gaikwad
Background- Pranayama is well known breathing exercise which is known to be improving cardiac autonomic status. This effect mainly depends on type & duration of Pranayama for which it is carried out. Objectives - This study was undertaken to access the effects of both fast & slow type pranayama done for short duration on autonomic parameters. Materials & Methods - The study was conducted on 60 healthy M.B.B.S. students. Pranayama practice was carried out daily for 12 weeks which included slow as well as fast breathing exercises. Autonomic nervous system parameters reading were taken before & after pranayama practice. The autonomic status was studied with non-invasive cardiovascular autonomic function tests which included Resting Heart Rate, Basal Blood Pressure, and HRV with deep breathing i.e. E: I Ratio, Cold Pressor Test. Results - There was statistically significant decrease in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, rise of blood pressure after CPT, increase in E: I Ratio after 12th week of Pranayama practice. Also there was decrease in diastolic BP, but this change was not statistically significant. Conclusion - Thus results of study showed a significantly improved vagal tone and reduced sympathetic activity after pranayama training. Thus the regular practice of pranayama has beneficial effect on body as it reduces harmful effect of sympathetic nervous system on cardiovascular system. This can be applied in day today life to reduce incidence of stress related disorders mainly hypertension, stroke, peptic ulcer.
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Radiation sensitivity of Listeria monocytogenes planktonic and biofilm-associated cells
T. Mahami, A. Adu-Gyamfi, S.T.Odonkor
Abstract: Biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes were formed on sterile glass slides in a coincubation apparatus, using inoculated tryptic soy broth, incubated at 37°C for 48 h. The planktonic and biofilm cultures were subjected to incremental gamma radiation doses (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 , 2.0 kGy) from a Cobalt-60 source. The D10 values were calculated from the linear regression model for the logarithm of the surviving fraction and irradiation dose. The survivors and surviving fraction of planktonic and biofilmassociated cells decreased with increased irradiation doses. The D10 value of L. monocytogenes planktonic cells (0.476KGy) was higher than that of biofilm-associated cells (0.379KGy) indicating biofilm cells were more sensitive to ionizing radiation than planktonic cells. The antimicrobial efficacy of ionizing radiation is therefore preserved or enhanced in the treatment of biofilm-associated bacteria.
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