Bonedemineralization is a significant problem in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Contributing factors including inadequate nutrition, corticosteroid, and decreased physical activity .Trace elements play an important role in the growth development and maintenance of bones .The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between the serum Zinc level and the bone Mineral indexes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients. Forty two newly diagnosed patients of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and forty healthy Controls of both gender ranging in age from 19-50 years were included in the study. Fasting blood samples were processed for following biochemical parameters– Serum Calcium, Phosphorus, Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone and Zinc. The subjects were evaluated for Bone Mineral Density (g/cm2) using Dual Energy X-rayAbsorptiometryscan and T score was calculated to assess Osteoporosis. Student’s unpaired t-test, one way ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests were used for statistical analysis .Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients had significantly lower Bone Mineral Density than the Controls. Bone Mineral Density values were not different between the subtypes Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Though Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease patients had significantly lower Bone Mineral Density than the Controls. Low Zinc level was observed in 50% of Osteopenic and 80% of Osteoporotic subjects. Zinc level was positively correlated with Bone Mineral Density(r=0.24) and Vitamin D (r=0.25) . Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease are more prone to develop metabolic bone disease. Along with other nutrients supplement Zinc should be added to prevent bone loss.
Bonedemineralization is a significant problem in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Contributing factors including inadequate nutrition, corticosteroid, and decreased physical activity .Trace elements play an important role in the growth development and maintenance of bones .The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between the serum Zinc level and the bone Mineral indexes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients. Forty two newly diagnosed patients of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and forty healthy Controls of both gender ranging in age from 19-50 years were included in the study. Fasting blood samples were processed for following biochemical parameters– Serum Calcium, Phosphorus, Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone and Zinc. The subjects were evaluated for Bone Mineral Density (g/cm2) using Dual Energy X-rayAbsorptiometryscan and T score was calculated to assess Osteoporosis. Student’s unpaired t-test, one way ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests were used for statistical analysis .Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients had significantly lower Bone Mineral Density than the Controls. Bone Mineral Density values were not different between the subtypes Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Though Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease patients had significantly lower Bone Mineral Density than the Controls. Low Zinc level was observed in 50% of Osteopenic and 80% of Osteoporotic subjects. Zinc level was positively correlated with Bone Mineral Density(r=0.24) and Vitamin D (r=0.25) . Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease are more prone to develop metabolic bone disease. Along with other nutrients supplement Zinc should be added to prevent bone loss.
Study of hematological parameters in patients with diabetic retinopathy
A Sowmya Devi, T B Uma Devi, Erli Amel Ivan, G Ramya
Background: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the major cause of blindness among the working population and is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a complex disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, metabolic abnormalities, and long term macro and micro vascular complications involving the blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. The majority of morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes are due to hyperglycemia leading to diabetic complications. Larger platelets contain denser granules which are metabolically and enzymatically more active and have higher thrombotic potential. Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) indicates the activity and average size of platelets and increase in MPV is linked to increased thrombotic potential. Several studies have shown relation between platelet parameters like Platelet count and MPV with presence of vascular complications. Objectives: To study the hematological parameters in patients with diabetic retinopathy and to evaluate the association of platelet parameters with glycemic control and vascular complications in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Materials and Methods: This was a case control study carried out for 18 months in a tertiary care hospital in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Results and Discussion: Patients with DR had low normal hemoglobin level of 13.5 (+/- 1.1) gm/dl. The Red cell Distribution Width was increased in patients with DR (15.4). The ESR in patients with DR was increased. The platelet count had a positive correlation with fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar and HbA1C in patients with DR. Conclusion: For identification of vascular complications in patients with Type 2 diabetes, platelet parameters can be used only as an accessory tool but not as a single reliable marker. It is recommended that hematological parameters should be analyzed along with glycemic index and fundus examination to look for retinal changes to rule out impending microvascular complication of diabetes mainly diabetic retinopathy.
1. Yau JW, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R, Lamoureux EL, Kowalski JW, Bek T, et al. Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes care. 2012 Mar 1; 35(3):556-64.
2. Buch A, Kaur S, Nair R, Jain A. Platelet volume indices as predictive biomarkers for diabetic complications in Type 2 diabetic patients. Journal of laboratory physicians. 2017 Apr; 9(2):84.
3. Akinsegun A, Olusola DA, Sarah JO, Olajumoke O, Adewumi A, Majeed O et al. Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet counts in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on treatment and non-Diabetes mellitus controls in Lagos, Nigeria. PanAfrican Medical Journal. 2014 May.
4. Hasan Z, Hegde S, Uday i, JayaKumar NM, Anantharajaiah PH. Assessment of Mean Platelet Volume in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes. National Journal of Laboratory Medicine. 2016 Jul;5(3):54-57
5. Jabeen F, Fawwad A, Rizvi HA, Alvi F. Role of Platelet indices, glycemic control and hs-CRP in pathogenesis of vascular complications in type-2 diabetic patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2013; 29(1):152-6.
6. Demirtunc R, Duman D, Basar M, Bilgi M, Teomete M, Garip T. The relationship between glycemic control and platelet activity in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. J.Jdiacomp.2009 Jan;89-94.
7. Hamed NA. Alterations in Hematological Parameters: Could it be a Marker in Diabetes Mellitus. BAOJ Diabet. 2016; 2(009).
8. Meshram VG, Dongre UJ, Laharwani H, Laharwani P. Assessment of hematological parameters in diabetes. Ejpmr, 2015,2(4), 366-369
9. Al-Ali ZA. Some hematological and biochemical parameters in Type 2 diabetic patients Missan/Iraq. Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci. 2016; 3(4):30-4.
10. Bae SH, Lee J, Roh KH, Kim J. Platelet activation in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Korean Journal of ophthalmology. 2003 Dec 1;17(2):140-4
11. Kodiatte TA, Manikyam U, Rao SB, JagadishTM, Reddy M, Lingaiah HM et al. Mean Platelet Volume in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J lab physicians.2012 Jun; 4(1):5-9.
12. Yenigun EC, Okyay GU, Pirpir A, Hondur A, Yildrim IS. Increased Mean Platelet Volume in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. DicleMedJ. 2014; 41(1):17-22.
13. Ferroni P, Basili S, Falco A, Davì G. Platelet activation in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2004 Aug 1; 2(8):1282-91.
14. Colwell JA, Winocour PD, Halushka PV. Do platelets have anything to do with diabetic microvascular disease?. Diabetes. 1983 Jun 1; 32(Supplement 2):14-9.
Study of hematological parameters in patients with diabetic retinopathy
A Sowmya Devi, T B Uma Devi, Erli Amel Ivan, G Ramya
Background: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the major cause of blindness among the working population and is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a complex disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, metabolic abnormalities, and long term macro and micro vascular complications involving the blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. The majority of morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes are due to hyperglycemia leading to diabetic complications. Larger platelets contain denser granules which are metabolically and enzymatically more active and have higher thrombotic potential. Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) indicates the activity and average size of platelets and increase in MPV is linked to increased thrombotic potential. Several studies have shown relation between platelet parameters like Platelet count and MPV with presence of vascular complications. Objectives: To study the hematological parameters in patients with diabetic retinopathy and to evaluate the association of platelet parameters with glycemic control and vascular complications in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Materials and Methods: This was a case control study carried out for 18 months in a tertiary care hospital in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Results and Discussion: Patients with DR had low normal hemoglobin level of 13.5 (+/- 1.1) gm/dl. The Red cell Distribution Width was increased in patients with DR (15.4). The ESR in patients with DR was increased. The platelet count had a positive correlation with fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar and HbA1C in patients with DR. Conclusion: For identification of vascular complications in patients with Type 2 diabetes, platelet parameters can be used only as an accessory tool but not as a single reliable marker. It is recommended that hematological parameters should be analyzed along with glycemic index and fundus examination to look for retinal changes to rule out impending microvascular complication of diabetes mainly diabetic retinopathy.
1. Yau JW, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R, Lamoureux EL, Kowalski JW, Bek T, et al. Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes care. 2012 Mar 1; 35(3):556-64.
2. Buch A, Kaur S, Nair R, Jain A. Platelet volume indices as predictive biomarkers for diabetic complications in Type 2 diabetic patients. Journal of laboratory physicians. 2017 Apr; 9(2):84.
3. Akinsegun A, Olusola DA, Sarah JO, Olajumoke O, Adewumi A, Majeed O et al. Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet counts in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on treatment and non-Diabetes mellitus controls in Lagos, Nigeria. PanAfrican Medical Journal. 2014 May.
4. Hasan Z, Hegde S, Uday i, JayaKumar NM, Anantharajaiah PH. Assessment of Mean Platelet Volume in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes. National Journal of Laboratory Medicine. 2016 Jul;5(3):54-57
5. Jabeen F, Fawwad A, Rizvi HA, Alvi F. Role of Platelet indices, glycemic control and hs-CRP in pathogenesis of vascular complications in type-2 diabetic patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2013; 29(1):152-6.
6. Demirtunc R, Duman D, Basar M, Bilgi M, Teomete M, Garip T. The relationship between glycemic control and platelet activity in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. J.Jdiacomp.2009 Jan;89-94.
7. Hamed NA. Alterations in Hematological Parameters: Could it be a Marker in Diabetes Mellitus. BAOJ Diabet. 2016; 2(009).
8. Meshram VG, Dongre UJ, Laharwani H, Laharwani P. Assessment of hematological parameters in diabetes. Ejpmr, 2015,2(4), 366-369
9. Al-Ali ZA. Some hematological and biochemical parameters in Type 2 diabetic patients Missan/Iraq. Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci. 2016; 3(4):30-4.
10. Bae SH, Lee J, Roh KH, Kim J. Platelet activation in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Korean Journal of ophthalmology. 2003 Dec 1;17(2):140-4
11. Kodiatte TA, Manikyam U, Rao SB, JagadishTM, Reddy M, Lingaiah HM et al. Mean Platelet Volume in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J lab physicians.2012 Jun; 4(1):5-9.
12. Yenigun EC, Okyay GU, Pirpir A, Hondur A, Yildrim IS. Increased Mean Platelet Volume in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. DicleMedJ. 2014; 41(1):17-22.
13. Ferroni P, Basili S, Falco A, Davì G. Platelet activation in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2004 Aug 1; 2(8):1282-91.
14. Colwell JA, Winocour PD, Halushka PV. Do platelets have anything to do with diabetic microvascular disease?. Diabetes. 1983 Jun 1; 32(Supplement 2):14-9.
Effect of various mulches on the growth and yield of strawberry cv. chandler under sub tropical conditions of Punjab
A field study was conducted in the Department of Horticulture, Khalsa College, Amritsar during 2016-2017 to study the effect of various mulches on performance of strawberry cv. Chandler. The runners of strawberry cv. Chandler were planted in the second fortnight of October with spacing of 45 × 30 cm. The investigation was laid out in RBD replicated thrice. There were treatments were seven treatments including T1(Black polyethylene), T2(Silver polyethylene), T3 (Sugarcane trash), T4(Paddy straw), T5(Grass), T6 (Saw dust) and T7 (Control). Results of the study showed that black polyethylene mulch increased the vegetative growth parameters of strawberry. The maximum plant height (21.43 cm), number of leaves per plant (37.66), leaf area (89.36cm2), number of flowers (27.52), number of fruits (22.46), fruit set per cent (82.99) were recorded in the treatment T1 (black polyethylene mulch).It also increased the yield(145.43g/plant). Hence application of black polyethylene mulch enhanced the vegetative and yield characters of strawberry fruits than other mulches respectively.
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10. Kher R, Baba J A and Bakshi P (2010) Influence of planting time and mulching material on growth and fruit yield of strawberry cv. Chandler. Ind j of Horti 67:441-444.
11. Kumar S and Dey P (2011) Effect of different mulches and irrigation methods on root growth, nutrient uptake, water use efficiency and yield of strawberry. Scientia Horti 127(3):318-324.
12. Nagalakshmi S, Palanisamy D, Eswaran S and Sreenarayan V V (2002) Influence of plastic mulching in chilli yield and economics. South Ind Hort 50:262-265.
13. Pandey S, Tewari G S, Singh J, Rajpurohit D and Kumar G (2016) Efficacy of mulches on soil modifications, growth, production and quality of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). I.J.S.N. 7:813-820.
14. Qureshi K M, Hassan F, Hassan Q, Qureshi U S, Changhati S and Saleem A (2012) Impact of cultivation systems on growth and yield of strawberry cv. Chandler. Pakistan J. Agric. Res. 25:129-135.
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17. Shokouhian A A and Asghari A (2015) Study the effect of mulch on yield of some strawberry cultivars in Ardabil condition. Int conference on Agric, Eco and Bio Engineering.
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16S rDNA based identification of culturable bacteria from highly polluted Varthur and Bellandur lakes of Bangalore, India
Smitha Murthy, Venkata Narasimha Kadali, Sheji Chandran N
This study investigated the microbial population of highly polluted Varthur and Bellandur lakes, the largest freshwater lakes of Bangalore, Karnataka. A motivation for this study was the numerous reports about these polluted lakes and the occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water and the associated diseases. Water samples were collected from both the lakes in July 2017. PCR assay of 16S rRNA genes showed that the bacterial compositions of both lakes are largely similar. The present study identified 36 bacterial strains which include highly pathogenic bacterial species like Klebsiellapneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacterfreundii, Enterobacteraerogenes, and industrially important bacterial species such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus amyloliquifaciensand Bacillus subtilis. This is the first report of molecular study ofbacteria from these lakes. This study has clearly revealed that currently, the microbiological quality of Varthur and Bellandur lakes water makes them unfit for drinking and recreational activities due to contamination by bacteria. The water analyzed in this study has clearly shown that they are loaded with the contaminants indicator organisms which are the indication of feacal pollution. This study helps to assess its usefulness as portable/ recreational water and to recommend control measures where necessary.
Key Words: Bacterial identification, lake water, 16S rDNA sequencing, Varthur and Bellandur lakes, water pollution, pathogenic bacteria, lakeeutrophication
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Role of oxidative stress in thyrotoxicosis
Geetha P A, Ajaykumar B, Parvathi K, Sreejayan M P
Thyrotoxicosis is a clinical syndrome that results when excessive levels of active thyroid hormones T3 and T4 are secreted into the circulation. In thyrotoxicosis oxidative stress is implicated in the causation of clinical features like myopathy, myocardial insufficiency and ophthalmopathy. Oxidative change in thyrotoxicosis was assessed by measuring level of lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the blood of 18 thyrotoxic patients and 22 healthy euthyroid controls. Serum MDA level was significantly increased and serum SOD activity was very significantly decreased in the cases when compared to controls. Conclusion: The present study confirms the presence of oxidative stress in thyrotoxicosis. This warrants nutritional support with antioxidant agents in thyrotoxicosis.
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The study demeanor to comprehend an assortment of extraction that impinge on the rural population of Gujarat to access eye care services and understand the need of outreach eye camps to be conducted in the remote and rural areas of Gujarat. The study investigate a variety of factors that protect them to available various eye care services available by various service provider like government, NGOs, corporate and others. Patients attend the eye camps from different villages have been interviewed of different age group. Total 110 people attended the camp were elected through cluster sampling method from the registration sheet of the camp. 110 patients from different villages of Sabarkantha and Aarvali district in the state of Gujarat have been interviewed for the purpose of the study. The staff of outreach team of Blind People’s Association along with field workers and counselors conducted the interview for the study purpose.
Background: Gap junctions form the important connecting channels among the neurons and the surrounding cells. Various neurotransmitters pass through them. Gap junctions were made up of Connexons. These connexon subunits of two cells joined with each other to form the gap junctions. In the present study, localization of gap junctions was done in trigeminal ganglia using various techniques. This ganglion consists of neurons of varied sizes, which were surrounded by satellite glial cells. Satellite glial cells from the envelope like structure around the glial cells and in turn responsible for controlling the internal homeostasis of the neuron. Increase activity of these cells were seen in many of the pathological conditions such as trigeminal neuralgia Material Methods: The present study was done on the adult male wistar rats (n=18). These rats were randomly divided into three groups, depending upon the procedure performed. Group I (n=6) was utilized for the cresyl violet staining to identify various sizes of neurons, group II (n=6) had undergone immunohistochemistry for the connexin-43 antibody and the group III, electron microscopic study was done to identify and confirm the location of gap junctions Results: In the present study, trigeminal ganglia from both the left and right sides were examined for morphological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic localization of gap junctions. Morphological studies showed that ganglia were composed of neurons surrounded by satellite cells, nerve fibers along with Schwann cells and connective tissue containing blood vessel. Immunohistochemistry showed prominent gap junctions between the neurons and satellite glial cells of the ganglia. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of gap junctions in the trigeminal ganglion. No difference was noted between the trigeminal ganglia of the left and right sides. Conclusion: Gap junctions forms the important channels for the transmission of various neurotransmitters. Cresyl violet staining did identification of cells in the trigeminal ganglion. After identification, further confirmation was done by the immunohistochemistry and electronmicrosopic study. Localization of the gap junctions is important to identify the sites for exchange and in future these sites can be utilized for various gap junction blocker studies.
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Issue details
Study of hematological parameters in patients with diabetic retinopathy
Anjali
Bonedemineralization is a significant problem in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Contributing factors including inadequate nutrition, corticosteroid, and decreased physical activity .Trace elements play an important role in the growth development and maintenance of bones .The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between the serum Zinc level and the bone Mineral indexes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients. Forty two newly diagnosed patients of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and forty healthy Controls of both gender ranging in age from 19-50 years were included in the study. Fasting blood samples were processed for following biochemical parameters– Serum Calcium, Phosphorus, Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone and Zinc. The subjects were evaluated for Bone Mineral Density (g/cm2) using Dual Energy X-rayAbsorptiometryscan and T score was calculated to assess Osteoporosis. Student’s unpaired t-test, one way ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests were used for statistical analysis .Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients had significantly lower Bone Mineral Density than the Controls. Bone Mineral Density values were not different between the subtypes Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Though Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease patients had significantly lower Bone Mineral Density than the Controls. Low Zinc level was observed in 50% of Osteopenic and 80% of Osteoporotic subjects. Zinc level was positively correlated with Bone Mineral Density(r=0.24) and Vitamin D (r=0.25) . Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease are more prone to develop metabolic bone disease. Along with other nutrients supplement Zinc should be added to prevent bone loss.
Bonedemineralization is a significant problem in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Contributing factors including inadequate nutrition, corticosteroid, and decreased physical activity .Trace elements play an important role in the growth development and maintenance of bones .The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between the serum Zinc level and the bone Mineral indexes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients. Forty two newly diagnosed patients of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and forty healthy Controls of both gender ranging in age from 19-50 years were included in the study. Fasting blood samples were processed for following biochemical parameters– Serum Calcium, Phosphorus, Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone and Zinc. The subjects were evaluated for Bone Mineral Density (g/cm2) using Dual Energy X-rayAbsorptiometryscan and T score was calculated to assess Osteoporosis. Student’s unpaired t-test, one way ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests were used for statistical analysis .Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients had significantly lower Bone Mineral Density than the Controls. Bone Mineral Density values were not different between the subtypes Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Though Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease patients had significantly lower Bone Mineral Density than the Controls. Low Zinc level was observed in 50% of Osteopenic and 80% of Osteoporotic subjects. Zinc level was positively correlated with Bone Mineral Density(r=0.24) and Vitamin D (r=0.25) . Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease are more prone to develop metabolic bone disease. Along with other nutrients supplement Zinc should be added to prevent bone loss.
Study of hematological parameters in patients with diabetic retinopathy
A Sowmya Devi, T B Uma Devi, Erli Amel Ivan, G Ramya
Background: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the major cause of blindness among the working population and is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a complex disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, metabolic abnormalities, and long term macro and micro vascular complications involving the blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. The majority of morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes are due to hyperglycemia leading to diabetic complications. Larger platelets contain denser granules which are metabolically and enzymatically more active and have higher thrombotic potential. Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) indicates the activity and average size of platelets and increase in MPV is linked to increased thrombotic potential. Several studies have shown relation between platelet parameters like Platelet count and MPV with presence of vascular complications. Objectives: To study the hematological parameters in patients with diabetic retinopathy and to evaluate the association of platelet parameters with glycemic control and vascular complications in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Materials and Methods: This was a case control study carried out for 18 months in a tertiary care hospital in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Results and Discussion: Patients with DR had low normal hemoglobin level of 13.5 (+/- 1.1) gm/dl. The Red cell Distribution Width was increased in patients with DR (15.4). The ESR in patients with DR was increased. The platelet count had a positive correlation with fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar and HbA1C in patients with DR. Conclusion: For identification of vascular complications in patients with Type 2 diabetes, platelet parameters can be used only as an accessory tool but not as a single reliable marker. It is recommended that hematological parameters should be analyzed along with glycemic index and fundus examination to look for retinal changes to rule out impending microvascular complication of diabetes mainly diabetic retinopathy.
1. Yau JW, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R, Lamoureux EL, Kowalski JW, Bek T, et al. Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes care. 2012 Mar 1; 35(3):556-64. 2. Buch A, Kaur S, Nair R, Jain A. Platelet volume indices as predictive biomarkers for diabetic complications in Type 2 diabetic patients. Journal of laboratory physicians. 2017 Apr; 9(2):84. 3. Akinsegun A, Olusola DA, Sarah JO, Olajumoke O, Adewumi A, Majeed O et al. Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet counts in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on treatment and non-Diabetes mellitus controls in Lagos, Nigeria. PanAfrican Medical Journal. 2014 May. 4. Hasan Z, Hegde S, Uday i, JayaKumar NM, Anantharajaiah PH. Assessment of Mean Platelet Volume in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes. National Journal of Laboratory Medicine. 2016 Jul;5(3):54-57 5. Jabeen F, Fawwad A, Rizvi HA, Alvi F. Role of Platelet indices, glycemic control and hs-CRP in pathogenesis of vascular complications in type-2 diabetic patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2013; 29(1):152-6. 6. Demirtunc R, Duman D, Basar M, Bilgi M, Teomete M, Garip T. The relationship between glycemic control and platelet activity in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. J.Jdiacomp.2009 Jan;89-94. 7. Hamed NA. Alterations in Hematological Parameters: Could it be a Marker in Diabetes Mellitus. BAOJ Diabet. 2016; 2(009). 8. Meshram VG, Dongre UJ, Laharwani H, Laharwani P. Assessment of hematological parameters in diabetes. Ejpmr, 2015,2(4), 366-369 9. Al-Ali ZA. Some hematological and biochemical parameters in Type 2 diabetic patients Missan/Iraq. Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci. 2016; 3(4):30-4. 10. Bae SH, Lee J, Roh KH, Kim J. Platelet activation in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Korean Journal of ophthalmology. 2003 Dec 1;17(2):140-4 11. Kodiatte TA, Manikyam U, Rao SB, JagadishTM, Reddy M, Lingaiah HM et al. Mean Platelet Volume in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J lab physicians.2012 Jun; 4(1):5-9. 12. Yenigun EC, Okyay GU, Pirpir A, Hondur A, Yildrim IS. Increased Mean Platelet Volume in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. DicleMedJ. 2014; 41(1):17-22. 13. Ferroni P, Basili S, Falco A, Davì G. Platelet activation in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2004 Aug 1; 2(8):1282-91. 14. Colwell JA, Winocour PD, Halushka PV. Do platelets have anything to do with diabetic microvascular disease?. Diabetes. 1983 Jun 1; 32(Supplement 2):14-9.
Study of hematological parameters in patients with diabetic retinopathy
A Sowmya Devi, T B Uma Devi, Erli Amel Ivan, G Ramya
Background: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the major cause of blindness among the working population and is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a complex disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, metabolic abnormalities, and long term macro and micro vascular complications involving the blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. The majority of morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes are due to hyperglycemia leading to diabetic complications. Larger platelets contain denser granules which are metabolically and enzymatically more active and have higher thrombotic potential. Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) indicates the activity and average size of platelets and increase in MPV is linked to increased thrombotic potential. Several studies have shown relation between platelet parameters like Platelet count and MPV with presence of vascular complications. Objectives: To study the hematological parameters in patients with diabetic retinopathy and to evaluate the association of platelet parameters with glycemic control and vascular complications in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Materials and Methods: This was a case control study carried out for 18 months in a tertiary care hospital in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Results and Discussion: Patients with DR had low normal hemoglobin level of 13.5 (+/- 1.1) gm/dl. The Red cell Distribution Width was increased in patients with DR (15.4). The ESR in patients with DR was increased. The platelet count had a positive correlation with fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar and HbA1C in patients with DR. Conclusion: For identification of vascular complications in patients with Type 2 diabetes, platelet parameters can be used only as an accessory tool but not as a single reliable marker. It is recommended that hematological parameters should be analyzed along with glycemic index and fundus examination to look for retinal changes to rule out impending microvascular complication of diabetes mainly diabetic retinopathy.
1. Yau JW, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R, Lamoureux EL, Kowalski JW, Bek T, et al. Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes care. 2012 Mar 1; 35(3):556-64. 2. Buch A, Kaur S, Nair R, Jain A. Platelet volume indices as predictive biomarkers for diabetic complications in Type 2 diabetic patients. Journal of laboratory physicians. 2017 Apr; 9(2):84. 3. Akinsegun A, Olusola DA, Sarah JO, Olajumoke O, Adewumi A, Majeed O et al. Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet counts in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on treatment and non-Diabetes mellitus controls in Lagos, Nigeria. PanAfrican Medical Journal. 2014 May. 4. Hasan Z, Hegde S, Uday i, JayaKumar NM, Anantharajaiah PH. Assessment of Mean Platelet Volume in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes. National Journal of Laboratory Medicine. 2016 Jul;5(3):54-57 5. Jabeen F, Fawwad A, Rizvi HA, Alvi F. Role of Platelet indices, glycemic control and hs-CRP in pathogenesis of vascular complications in type-2 diabetic patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2013; 29(1):152-6. 6. Demirtunc R, Duman D, Basar M, Bilgi M, Teomete M, Garip T. The relationship between glycemic control and platelet activity in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. J.Jdiacomp.2009 Jan;89-94. 7. Hamed NA. Alterations in Hematological Parameters: Could it be a Marker in Diabetes Mellitus. BAOJ Diabet. 2016; 2(009). 8. Meshram VG, Dongre UJ, Laharwani H, Laharwani P. Assessment of hematological parameters in diabetes. Ejpmr, 2015,2(4), 366-369 9. Al-Ali ZA. Some hematological and biochemical parameters in Type 2 diabetic patients Missan/Iraq. Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci. 2016; 3(4):30-4. 10. Bae SH, Lee J, Roh KH, Kim J. Platelet activation in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Korean Journal of ophthalmology. 2003 Dec 1;17(2):140-4 11. Kodiatte TA, Manikyam U, Rao SB, JagadishTM, Reddy M, Lingaiah HM et al. Mean Platelet Volume in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J lab physicians.2012 Jun; 4(1):5-9. 12. Yenigun EC, Okyay GU, Pirpir A, Hondur A, Yildrim IS. Increased Mean Platelet Volume in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. DicleMedJ. 2014; 41(1):17-22. 13. Ferroni P, Basili S, Falco A, Davì G. Platelet activation in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2004 Aug 1; 2(8):1282-91. 14. Colwell JA, Winocour PD, Halushka PV. Do platelets have anything to do with diabetic microvascular disease?. Diabetes. 1983 Jun 1; 32(Supplement 2):14-9.
Effect of various mulches on the growth and yield of strawberry cv. chandler under sub tropical conditions of Punjab
Pawandeep Kaur, Amarjeet Kaur
A field study was conducted in the Department of Horticulture, Khalsa College, Amritsar during 2016-2017 to study the effect of various mulches on performance of strawberry cv. Chandler. The runners of strawberry cv. Chandler were planted in the second fortnight of October with spacing of 45 × 30 cm. The investigation was laid out in RBD replicated thrice. There were treatments were seven treatments including T1(Black polyethylene), T2(Silver polyethylene), T3 (Sugarcane trash), T4(Paddy straw), T5(Grass), T6 (Saw dust) and T7 (Control). Results of the study showed that black polyethylene mulch increased the vegetative growth parameters of strawberry. The maximum plant height (21.43 cm), number of leaves per plant (37.66), leaf area (89.36cm2), number of flowers (27.52), number of fruits (22.46), fruit set per cent (82.99) were recorded in the treatment T1 (black polyethylene mulch).It also increased the yield(145.43g/plant). Hence application of black polyethylene mulch enhanced the vegetative and yield characters of strawberry fruits than other mulches respectively.
1. Ali A and Gaur G S (2007) Effect of mulching on growth, fruit yield and qyality of strawberry. The Asian j of Hort 2:149-151 2. Ali R A M and Radwan E A (2008) Effect of organic and synthetic mulches on some fresh strawberry cultivars. J of Agric and Environ Sci Alex University, Egypt 7. 3. Arin L and Ankara S (2001) Effect of low tunnel, mulch and pruning on the yield and earliness of tomato in unheaded glasshouse. Jo of Applied Horti 3(1):23-27. 4. Asrey R and Singh R (2004) Evaluation of strawberry varities under semi arid irrigation region of Punjab. Ind J of Horti 61:122-124. 5. Bakshi P, Bhat D, Wali V K, Sharma A and Iqbal M (2014) Growth, yield and quality of strawberry cv.Chandler as influenced by various mulching materials. Afr J of Agric Res 9:701-706. 6. Bowling B L (2000) The berry growers companion Timber press Inc. Portland, Oregon U.S.A. 7. Dwivedi S K, Singh B and Elipaljor (2000) Effect of mulch on establishment and growth of apple sapling in cold arid conditions of Ladakh. Progressive Horti 32(1):42-45. 8. Kaur and Kaur (2014) The strawberry. Kasturi lal and sons education publications Amritsar-Jalandhar. 9. Kaur R and Singh S (2009). Impact of mulching on growth, fruit yield and quality of strawberry. Asian j of Horti 4:1-64. 10. Kher R, Baba J A and Bakshi P (2010) Influence of planting time and mulching material on growth and fruit yield of strawberry cv. Chandler. Ind j of Horti 67:441-444. 11. Kumar S and Dey P (2011) Effect of different mulches and irrigation methods on root growth, nutrient uptake, water use efficiency and yield of strawberry. Scientia Horti 127(3):318-324. 12. Nagalakshmi S, Palanisamy D, Eswaran S and Sreenarayan V V (2002) Influence of plastic mulching in chilli yield and economics. South Ind Hort 50:262-265. 13. Pandey S, Tewari G S, Singh J, Rajpurohit D and Kumar G (2016) Efficacy of mulches on soil modifications, growth, production and quality of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). I.J.S.N. 7:813-820. 14. Qureshi K M, Hassan F, Hassan Q, Qureshi U S, Changhati S and Saleem A (2012) Impact of cultivation systems on growth and yield of strawberry cv. Chandler. Pakistan J. Agric. Res. 25:129-135. 15. Sharma R R (2002) Growing strawberries. Int.Book Distrib.co.,Lucknow,India. 16. Sharma R R and Sharma V P (2003) Mulch type influences plant growth, albinism disorder of fruit quality in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Fruits. 58:221-227. 17. Shokouhian A A and Asghari A (2015) Study the effect of mulch on yield of some strawberry cultivars in Ardabil condition. Int conference on Agric, Eco and Bio Engineering. 18. Sharma C L and Khokhar U U (2006) Effect of different mulches and herbicide on growth, yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) cv.Chandler. New India publishing Agency,New Delhi. 313-320. 19. Singh A K, Singh S R, Bayle B G and More T A (2010) Efficiency of organic mulches on soil properties, earthworm population, growth and yield of aonla cv. NA7 in semi arid ecosystem. In j of horti 67:124-128. 20. Soliman M A, Abd El-Aal H A, Ramadan, Mohamed A and Elhefnawy N N (2015) Growth, fruit yield and quality of three strawberry cultivars as affected by mulch type and low tunnel. 21. Westwood M N (1979) Temperature Zone Pomology. W.H. Freeman and company San Fransico :28
16S rDNA based identification of culturable bacteria from highly polluted Varthur and Bellandur lakes of Bangalore, India
Smitha Murthy, Venkata Narasimha Kadali, Sheji Chandran N
This study investigated the microbial population of highly polluted Varthur and Bellandur lakes, the largest freshwater lakes of Bangalore, Karnataka. A motivation for this study was the numerous reports about these polluted lakes and the occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water and the associated diseases. Water samples were collected from both the lakes in July 2017. PCR assay of 16S rRNA genes showed that the bacterial compositions of both lakes are largely similar. The present study identified 36 bacterial strains which include highly pathogenic bacterial species like Klebsiellapneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacterfreundii, Enterobacteraerogenes, and industrially important bacterial species such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus amyloliquifaciensand Bacillus subtilis. This is the first report of molecular study ofbacteria from these lakes. This study has clearly revealed that currently, the microbiological quality of Varthur and Bellandur lakes water makes them unfit for drinking and recreational activities due to contamination by bacteria. The water analyzed in this study has clearly shown that they are loaded with the contaminants indicator organisms which are the indication of feacal pollution. This study helps to assess its usefulness as portable/ recreational water and to recommend control measures where necessary. Key Words: Bacterial identification, lake water, 16S rDNA sequencing, Varthur and Bellandur lakes, water pollution, pathogenic bacteria, lakeeutrophication
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Role of oxidative stress in thyrotoxicosis
Geetha P A, Ajaykumar B, Parvathi K, Sreejayan M P
Thyrotoxicosis is a clinical syndrome that results when excessive levels of active thyroid hormones T3 and T4 are secreted into the circulation. In thyrotoxicosis oxidative stress is implicated in the causation of clinical features like myopathy, myocardial insufficiency and ophthalmopathy. Oxidative change in thyrotoxicosis was assessed by measuring level of lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the blood of 18 thyrotoxic patients and 22 healthy euthyroid controls. Serum MDA level was significantly increased and serum SOD activity was very significantly decreased in the cases when compared to controls. Conclusion: The present study confirms the presence of oxidative stress in thyrotoxicosis. This warrants nutritional support with antioxidant agents in thyrotoxicosis.
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Dharmendra Jena, Somya Choubey
Dharmendra Jena, Somya Choubey
The study demeanor to comprehend an assortment of extraction that impinge on the rural population of Gujarat to access eye care services and understand the need of outreach eye camps to be conducted in the remote and rural areas of Gujarat. The study investigate a variety of factors that protect them to available various eye care services available by various service provider like government, NGOs, corporate and others. Patients attend the eye camps from different villages have been interviewed of different age group. Total 110 people attended the camp were elected through cluster sampling method from the registration sheet of the camp. 110 patients from different villages of Sabarkantha and Aarvali district in the state of Gujarat have been interviewed for the purpose of the study. The staff of outreach team of Blind People’s Association along with field workers and counselors conducted the interview for the study purpose.
1. www.aravind.org 2. www.seva.org 3. www.eyecamps.org 4. www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov 5. www.srivenkateshwaranethralaya.com 6. www.himalyaoptical.com
Localisation of the gap junctions in the trigeminal ganglia of the rat using various techniques
Sanjay Kumar Sharma, Vishwajit Ravindra Deshmukh, Pranav Prasoon, Subrata Basu Ray
Background: Gap junctions form the important connecting channels among the neurons and the surrounding cells. Various neurotransmitters pass through them. Gap junctions were made up of Connexons. These connexon subunits of two cells joined with each other to form the gap junctions. In the present study, localization of gap junctions was done in trigeminal ganglia using various techniques. This ganglion consists of neurons of varied sizes, which were surrounded by satellite glial cells. Satellite glial cells from the envelope like structure around the glial cells and in turn responsible for controlling the internal homeostasis of the neuron. Increase activity of these cells were seen in many of the pathological conditions such as trigeminal neuralgia Material Methods: The present study was done on the adult male wistar rats (n=18). These rats were randomly divided into three groups, depending upon the procedure performed. Group I (n=6) was utilized for the cresyl violet staining to identify various sizes of neurons, group II (n=6) had undergone immunohistochemistry for the connexin-43 antibody and the group III, electron microscopic study was done to identify and confirm the location of gap junctions Results: In the present study, trigeminal ganglia from both the left and right sides were examined for morphological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic localization of gap junctions. Morphological studies showed that ganglia were composed of neurons surrounded by satellite cells, nerve fibers along with Schwann cells and connective tissue containing blood vessel. Immunohistochemistry showed prominent gap junctions between the neurons and satellite glial cells of the ganglia. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of gap junctions in the trigeminal ganglion. No difference was noted between the trigeminal ganglia of the left and right sides. Conclusion: Gap junctions forms the important channels for the transmission of various neurotransmitters. Cresyl violet staining did identification of cells in the trigeminal ganglion. After identification, further confirmation was done by the immunohistochemistry and electronmicrosopic study. Localization of the gap junctions is important to identify the sites for exchange and in future these sites can be utilized for various gap junction blocker studies.
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