Background: The Incidence of Femoral Neck Fracture is On an Increase. Despite Marked Improvement in Implant Design, Surgeon technique and Patient Care, This Fracture Still remains the Unsolved Fracture. In the elderly replacement arthroplasty is better option in View of critical blood supply of femoral head, osteoporosis, prolonged immobility in elderly patient Considering the social economic status, cost factor, demand of squatting and sitting cross legged, operating conditions, Bipolar arthroplasty whereas can be conducted even in remote areas, is cost effective, result even at the hand of general orthopedic surgeons are good and does not change much the life style of Indian population. Material and methods: All patent above the age of 55 years suspected of having an intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck coming to the casualty were considered for this. Detailed history of the mechanism of the injury, associated injuries Anteroposterior X- rays of the hip and lateral x-rays were taken presence of absence of osteoporosis were noted. Also the part of the neck remaining above the lesser trochanter was noted, Bipolar Prosthesis was used, Lateral Position was given and Moore’s approach was used. Results: In the Presence Series total no of cases were 50 of which mean age of patient were 60 years and mean follow-up was 2 years, The mean post operative Harris hip score was 84 points, 50% of cases were excellent out come with no pain no limp with normal life style. Conclusion: Bipolar prosthesis could be used as replacement arthroplasty in intracapsular fracture neck femur on a larger scale ensuring early mobilization and ambulation of elderly patients.
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2. Apley AG,lewise soloman facture,6th ed,Bosworths,439-42
3. Barmada R,mess D Bateman hemiarthroplasty component disassembly: A report of three cases of high density poly ethylene component disassembly
4. BasuAK,Asonal Talwarkar’s endoprosthetic replacement of hip in the management of subcapital fracture neck of femur.IOJ,Vol.20,No.2, July 1986
5. Bateman je Editorial comment.clin orthop,251:2,Feb 1990Bateman JE Single-Assembly total hip prosthesis priliminiry report clin orthop 251:3,Feb 1990
6. Bateman JE,Berinji Ar, Bayne O, Greyson D long term result of bipolar Arthoplasty in osteoarthritis of the hip.clin ortho,251:54,Feb 1990
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9. Chen TH,Huang Ck,Chen Wm,Chiang CC,Lo W H heterotopic ossification after cemented or uncemented Batman bipolar hemiarthoplasty.cheng-Hua-tHserch-Tsa-chih-Taiperi,61(9):520-3,sep 1998
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13. Hey-Groves EW As quoted by Mishein etal: Transcervical fractures of the hip treated with the Bateman Bipolar prosthesis.clin ortho,251:48,Feb1990
14. Higgins Rw Quoted by Mcconville et al :bipolar Hemi-arthoplasty in degenerative arthritis of the hip .clin ortho, 251:68,1990
15. Kindsfater KA,Spitzer Al,Schaffer JL, Scott RD Bipolar hemiarthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis of hip :A review of 41 cases with 8 to 10 year of follow up.orthopedic,21(4):425,Apr 1998
16. Lenard W labelle,clolwill jc Swanson AB Bateman bipolar hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture:A 5-10years follow study.clin orthop,251:20,feb1990
17. Lestrange NR the Bateman UPF prosthesis:A48-month experience orthopedics,2:4,1979
18. Lestrange NrBipolar arthroplasty for 496 hip fracture clinOrthop,251:7,Feb 1990
19. Long JW,Knight W Bateman UPF prosthesis in fracture of femoral neck clin orthop,152:198,1980
20. Longchan P the Giliberty bipolar prosthesis clin orthop,141:169,1979
21. Malohtra R, Arya R Bhan S Bipolar hemiarthroplasty in femoral neck fracture Arch ortho Trauma Surg,114(2):79-82,1995
22. Maricevic H,Frceg M,Gekic K Treatment of femoral neck fractures with bipolar Hemiarthroplasty.Lijec Vjesn,120(5):121-4,May 1998
23. Mcconville OR,Bowman Kr A, Kilfoyle RM,Mcconville JF, Mayo Ra Bipolar Hemiarthoplasty In degenerative arthritis of hip:100 consecutive cases.clin orthop,251:67,Feb 1990
24. Mess D,Barmada R, Munoz F,planer d(quoted by labelle et al :bateman Bipolar Hip Arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture.clin orthop,251:20 Feb 1990
25. Mess D ,Barmada R Clinical and motion studies of the Bateman bipolar prosthesis in osteonecrosis of the hip.clin orthop 251:44,Feb 1990
26. Murzic WJ,McCollum DE hip arthroplasty for osteonecrosis after renal trans plantation clin orthop,299:212_19 Feb 1994
27. Nagai L,Takatori Y,Kuruta Y Moro T,Karita T, Mabuchi A,Nonself-centering Bateman bipolar endoprosthesis for nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head: A 12 to 19 years follow-up study orthopSci,7(1):74-8,002
28. Nottage WM,Mcmaster WCComparision of bipolar implants with fixed-neck prosthesis in femoral neck fracture.clin orthop, 251:338,Feb 1990.
29. Pauwels FP As quoted by Campbell: operative orthopaedics,9th ed,Vol.1.
30. Phillips TW, Rao Dr.Bateman bipolar hips with autologous bone graft reinforcement for dysplastic acetabula.clin orthop,251:104,1990
31. Prieskorn D, Burton P,Page BJ2nd, Swienckowski Jbipolar hemiarthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis of the hip orthopedics,17(12):1105-11,Dec 1994
32. Rydell NW forces acting on the femoral head prosthesis.a study on strain gauge applied prosthesis in living person.acta orthop scand 88(37:suppl):1,1996
33. Watson jones injuries of the hip in fracture and joint injuries 6th ed,Vol.II,BI Church Hill Living stone ltd,1992,878-973,reprint 1998.
34. Weber BG total hip replacement with rotation endoprosthesis(Trunnion-bearing prosthesis).clin Orthop,251:7,Feb 1990
35. West WF, Mann RA(Quoted by lestrange-bipolar arthroplasty for 496 hip fracture. Clin orthop,251:7,Feb 1990)
36. Yamamuro T,Toyoji Uo,Hideo Okumura, Lida H, Hamamoto T Five Year Result of bipolar arthoplasty with Bone Grafts and reamed acetabular for osteoarthritis in young adults. Clin orthop ,251:75,1990.
Pattern of road traffic accident cases in Karad - Three years retrospective study
Sunil C Aramani, Shakuntala S Aramani, Vijay Kumar A G, Patil D T, Anand Patil
Introduction: A traffic collision, also known as a traffic accident, motor vehicle collision, motor vehicle accident, car accident, automobile accident, road traffic collision, road traffic accident, wreck (USA), car crash, or car smash (Australian) occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other stationary obstruction, such as a tree or utility pole. Material and Methods: In this 3 years retrospective study done from Jan 2010 to Dec 2012, totally 2698 road traffic accident cases which have been registered in the casualty of Krishna Institute of Medical sciences were analyzed at the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, KIMS, Karad. During this study several epidemiological observations and their results were considered. Results and Discussion: In the present study, maximum number of cases belongs to 21-30 years age group, with male: female ratio is 2.1:1. According to study done by Badrinarayan M, among 360 RTA victims, most cases 138 (38.33%) were in the age group of 15–30 years. A high percentage of both fatal 30 cases out of total 66 (45.45%) and non-fatal 108 out of total 294 (36.73%) cases were observed from the same age group. Mobile males (85%) outscored the domicile females (15%) with a ratio of 5.66:1. Conclusions: Research suggests that the driver's attention is affected by distracting sounds such as conversations and operating a mobile phone while driving. Many jurisdictions now restrict or outlaw the use of some types of phone within the car.
1. "WHO | World report on road traffic injury prevention".
2. "The 2009 Statistical Abstract: Motor Vehicle Accidents and Fatalities".
3. "Statistics and Data - Road and Motor Vehicle Safety - Road Transportation - Transport Canada".
4. Badrinarayan M, Nidhi DS, Sukhla SK, and Sinha AK. Epidemiological Study of Road Traffic Accident Cases from Western Nepal. Indian J Community Med. Jan 2010; 35(1): 115–121.
5. Murray GD, Teasdale GM, Braakman R, Cohadon F, Dearden M, Iannotti F, et al. The European Brain Injury Consortium survey of head injuries. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1999; 141(3): 223-36.
6. Thornhill S, Teasdale GM, Murray GD, McEwen J, Roy CW, Penny KI. Disability in young people and adults one year after head injury: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2000; 320(7250): 1631-35.
7. Bayan P, Bhawalkar JS, Jadhav SL, Banerjee A. Profile of non-fatal injuries due to road traffic accidents from a industrial town in India. Int JCrit Illn Inj Sci 2013; 3:8-11.
Climate change and adaptation concepts: an indispensable curriculum innovation at higher and basic levels of education in developing countries of Africa
Introduction: This paper presents the outcome of an investigation that considered the current global changes in climate and discussed “climate change and adaptation concepts†for inclusion as innovations in curriculum planning, revision and implementation at both basic and higher levels of education in countries in Africa. This investigation was carried out in Nigeria, an African country and therefore considers African countries’, especially Nigerian educational system as possible areas where the suggested “climate change and adaptation concepts†could best be infused as innovations in curriculum provisions, curriculum revision, and implementation at both Basic and Higher levels of education. In this context, Africa countries are assumed to have approximately similar climatic conditions and can be considered together. The design employed in the investigation was a survey that involved the opinions of a randomly composed sample of one hundred and twenty (120) respondents to a questionnaire instrument developed by the researcher. The sample was made up 30 (thirty) higher education (University lecturers, 30 (thirty) College of Education lecturers, 30 (thirty) basic education (secondary education tutors) and 30(thirty) literate adult members of the public, all drawn from University of Nigeria town in Nsukka, Ehamufu College of Education, Secondary School in Nsukka and Adult members of the public within the metropolis. A total of 5(five) research questions were posed, a total of 20 (twenty) questionnaire items were used and 3(three) research hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Data collected were analysed using some descriptive statistics like frequencies of the responses obtained on a 4-point likert scale, weighted average responses, as well as z-test statistic for answering the hypotheses formulated. Results obtained showed that all the items of the five research questions posed were considered acceptable by the three categories of respondents used in the study. Results also showed that there was no significant difference in the mean opinions of University lecturers, college of education lecturers, secondary education tutors and the literate adult members of the public that served as respondents to the questionnaire items. Recommendations made include that the performance objectives; content areas to be used; instructional methods for teaching and learning of the concepts; as well as evaluation techniques suggested be infused in the curriculum at both levels of education as innovations in Africa countries, especially in Nigeria.
1. Budyko, M. I. (1997) Climate Changes. American Geophysical Union Washington D. C.
2. Intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC, 2003) climate change. The Third Assessment report (AR3) Synthesis report. For policy makers. http://www.IPCC.CH//pdf/assessment report/ar3-3syrspm.pdf(Accesstenmarcg2012).
3. Intergovernment panel on climate change (IPCC, 2007) climate change. The Fourth Assessment report (AR4) Synthesis report. For policy makers. http://www.IPCC.CH//pdf/assessment.
4. Miller, G.T. (2001) Environmental Science. “Work with Earthâ€. 8th ed. Pacific Grove Books Cole.
Towards achieving millennium development goals in Nigeria: development and validation of an instrument for assessing e-learning acquisition in a learner
Introduction: This paper focused on the development and validation of an instrument for assessing extent of e-learning acquisition by learners in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Two designs were employed namely: documentary and instrumentation research design. Documentary design was employed because many Information and Communication Technology (ICT) documents were consulted for the content validity of the instrument. Instrumentation is also justified because the paper is tailored on development and validation of an instrument for assessing extent of acquisition of the ICT facilities e-learning skills in learners. Area of the study is principally university of Nigeria, Nsukka. Sample and sampling techniques were not carried out since the entire academic staff of the university who are currently battling with the acquisition of e-learning skills was used in the study. Items of the instrument were framed based on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plat form. The assessment instrument was content and non-referenced validated by three experts: two computer and one measurement and evaluation experts in this university. Its reliability coefficient was found to be 0.71 using the rates of three (3) expert judges that rated the adequacy of the assessment instrument out of fifty (50) items presented while fifty (50) approved as appropriate as shown in the final drafting of the assessment instrument.
1. Errol Hawitt (2002). E-learning and Capacity Building for ICT Application. Retrieved on 30th June, 2009 from http:/unpan.1.un.org/unpan007692ereadiness.pdf2002.
2. GeoSINC International (2002). An e-learning Guide: How to Develop and Implement a National E-Readiness Action Plan in Developing Countries. Http://www.infodev.orgaccessed30june2009
3. Onugha, I. U. (2009). Components and Dimensions of E-Readiness Assessment of E-Readiness of Nigerian Universities for ICT Facilitated Learning/E-Learning. Unpublished Ph.D Proposal, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
4. National Policy on Education (2004). NERDC Press. Lagos: Nigeria.
Influence of divorce on children’s up brought and education in afikpo north local government of ebonyi state: Remedial measures for sustainable life styles
Introduction: This study presents the results of an investigation on the major causes of divorce in Afikpo North Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, the influence of divorce on children’s upbringing, educationally, socially and emotionally and suggested measures for the eradication of divorce which is a notable problem in Afikpo North Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. Seven clustered research questions with a total of 60 the following items and hypothesis guided the study. The design employed was the descriptive survey involving a questionnaire instrument. Purposive sampling technique was used in the study in order to use schools that have divorced cases in the study. A random sample of 480 SS 3 students 40 secondary school teachers, as well as 21 school guidance counselors, all drawn from 21 secondary schools in the L.G.A, was used as respondents. On the whole there were 260 males, 260 females respectively taking all males and females together well as data collected were analyzed analyses using some descriptive statistics like frequencies, percentages, weighted average responses, as inferential statistics like t-test statistics for testing the hypothesis stated in the study. Major findings in the causes of divorce include sterility, importency, adultery, neglect of wives by husbands; influences of divorce on children include of education of children for trading and other, forms of petty business, exhibition of deviant behaviours like theft, prostitution, aggression, development of low self-esteem and feeling of rejection. Some suggested remedial measures include complete eradication of early and forceful marriages, unfaithfulness, neglect of wives and exhibition of true love and respect on the part of couples. Some recommendations made include that would-be-partners should be biologically harmonious through adequate testing of their genotypes, and avoidance of marriages arranged by relatives or friends without the consent of both parents.
1. Ajuka, G.O. and Ikpakpa, S.O. (1999). The relationship between level of education and family instability in Afikpo North L.G.a. of Ebonyi State. Unpublished Bachelor of Science Degree Thesis, University of Nigeria Nsukka.
2. Amaku, C. (1989). Family, marriage and society, Awka: MEKS-UNIQUE of (NIG) Publishers.
3. Bernads, J.M. and Nesbitts (1981). Divorce: An Unreliable Predictor of Children’s Emotional Predisposition. Journal of Divorce (4) 31-42.
4. Colletta, N.D. (1983). Stressful Lives: The Situation of Divorced Mothers and their Children. Journal of Divorce, 6 (3), 1931.
5. Despert, L. (1982). Children of Divorce. New York: Dolphin Books Doubleday.
6. Elias, T.O., Nwabara S.N. and Akpamgbo C.O. (ed) (1975). African indigenous laws. Enugu: Government Press.
7. Eze, D.N. (ed) (2005). What to write and how to write – A step-By-step guide to educational report. Enugu: Pearls and Gold.
8. Fagan, F.P. and Rector, R. (2000). The effects of divorce on Americans. Washington D.C: The Heritage Foundation.
9. Glasser, P.D. Navarre, E. (1975). Structural problems of the one parent family. Journal of Social Issues. 21, 98-109.
10. Hetherington, E.M. (1972). Effects of father absence on personality development in adolescent daughters Developmental Psychology. 7, 313-326.
11. Kalter, N. (1977). Children of divorce in an out patient psychiatric population. American Journal of orthopsychiatry. 47, 40-51.
12. Kaplan, H.B. and Pokomy, A.D. (1971). Self-Derogation and Childhood broken home. Journal of Marriage and Family, 33, 328-350.
13. Kurdek, L.A. and Siesky, A.E. (1980). Effects of divorce on children: The relationship between parents and child perspectives. Journal of Divorce, 4(2), 85-99.
14. Mueller, C.M. and Pope, H. (1977). Marital instability. A study of its transmission between generation In Journal of Marriage and Family 39, 83-92.
15. Nwogugu, E.I. (1974). Family law in Nigeria (3rd edition). Enugu: Otuson Nigeria Limited.
16. Oneke, J. (2004). Should I, or should I not marry him or her? Benin: Dunamis Publication House.
17. Pett, M.G. (1982a). Correlates of children’s social adjustment following divorce. Journal of Divorce 5(3), 1-17.
18. Pitts, J.R. (1974). The structural functions approach. In E.T. Christensen (ed). Handbook of marriage and family. Rand Menally.
19. Wallerstein, J. and Kelly, J. (1975). The effects of parental divorce: Experiences of the pre-school child. Journal of Child Psychiatry. 14, 600-616.
Influence of divorce on children’s up brought and education in afikpo north local government of ebonyi state: Remedial measures for sustainable life styles
Introduction: This study presents the results of an investigation on the major causes of divorce in Afikpo North Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, the influence of divorce on children’s upbringing, educationally, socially and emotionally and suggested measures for the eradication of divorce which is a notable problem in Afikpo North Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. Seven clustered research questions with a total of 60 the following items and hypothesis guided the study. The design employed was the descriptive survey involving a questionnaire instrument. Purposive sampling technique was used in the study in order to use schools that have divorced cases in the study. A random sample of 480 SS 3 students 40 secondary school teachers, as well as 21 school guidance counselors, all drawn from 21 secondary schools in the L.G.A, was used as respondents. On the whole there were 260 males, 260 females respectively taking all males and females together well as data collected were analyzed analyses using some descriptive statistics like frequencies, percentages, weighted average responses, as inferential statistics like t-test statistics for testing the hypothesis stated in the study. Major findings in the causes of divorce include sterility, importency, adultery, neglect of wives by husbands; influences of divorce on children include of education of children for trading and other, forms of petty business, exhibition of deviant behaviours like theft, prostitution, aggression, development of low self-esteem and feeling of rejection. Some suggested remedial measures include complete eradication of early and forceful marriages, unfaithfulness, neglect of wives and exhibition of true love and respect on the part of couples. Some recommendations made include that would-be-partners should be biologically harmonious through adequate testing of their genotypes, and avoidance of marriages arranged by relatives or friends without the consent of both parents.
1. Ajuka, G.O. and Ikpakpa, S.O. (1999). The relationship between level of education and family instability in Afikpo North L.G.a. of Ebonyi State. Unpublished Bachelor of Science Degree Thesis, University of Nigeria Nsukka.
2. Amaku, C. (1989). Family, marriage and society, Awka: MEKS-UNIQUE of (NIG) Publishers.
3. Bernads, J.M. and Nesbitts (1981). Divorce: An Unreliable Predictor of Children’s Emotional Predisposition. Journal of Divorce (4) 31-42.
4. Colletta, N.D. (1983). Stressful Lives: The Situation of Divorced Mothers and their Children. Journal of Divorce, 6 (3), 1931.
5. Despert, L. (1982). Children of Divorce. New York: Dolphin Books Doubleday.
6. Elias, T.O., Nwabara S.N. and Akpamgbo C.O. (ed) (1975). African indigenous laws. Enugu: Government Press.
7. Eze, D.N. (ed) (2005). What to write and how to write – A step-By-step guide to educational report. Enugu: Pearls and Gold.
8. Fagan, F.P. and Rector, R. (2000). The effects of divorce on Americans. Washington D.C: The Heritage Foundation.
9. Glasser, P.D. Navarre, E. (1975). Structural problems of the one parent family. Journal of Social Issues. 21, 98-109.
10. Hetherington, E.M. (1972). Effects of father absence on personality development in adolescent daughters Developmental Psychology. 7, 313-326.
11. Kalter, N. (1977). Children of divorce in an out patient psychiatric population. American Journal of orthopsychiatry. 47, 40-51.
12. Kaplan, H.B. and Pokomy, A.D. (1971). Self-Derogation and Childhood broken home. Journal of Marriage and Family, 33, 328-350.
13. Kurdek, L.A. and Siesky, A.E. (1980). Effects of divorce on children: The relationship between parents and child perspectives. Journal of Divorce, 4(2), 85-99.
14. Mueller, C.M. and Pope, H. (1977). Marital instability. A study of its transmission between generation In Journal of Marriage and Family 39, 83-92.
15. Nwogugu, E.I. (1974). Family law in Nigeria (3rd edition). Enugu: Otuson Nigeria Limited.
16. Oneke, J. (2004). Should I, or should I not marry him or her? Benin: Dunamis Publication House.
17. Pett, M.G. (1982a). Correlates of children’s social adjustment following divorce. Journal of Divorce 5(3), 1-17.
18. Pitts, J.R. (1974). The structural functions approach. In E.T. Christensen (ed). Handbook of marriage and family. Rand Menally.
19. Wallerstein, J. and Kelly, J. (1975). The effects of parental divorce: Experiences of the pre-school child. Journal of Child Psychiatry. 14, 600-616.
Efficacy of dexmedetomidine infusion of two different doses in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries
Introduction: Dexmedetomidine is an α-adrenoceptor agonist with dose dependent α2-adrenoceptor selectivity. Clinical trials indicate that patients treated with dexmedetomidine required either no additional sedative medication or only small doses of add-on medications. This was significantly different from the add-on medication requirements of patients who did not receive dexmedetomidine. Aims and objectives: to study the Efficacy of dexmedetomidine infusion of two different doses in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries. Materials and method: in the present study three groups were compared (control, dex 0.3 and dex 0.6). Sedation using Ramsay sedation score, pain using Visual analogue score (VAS), incidence of post operative nausea and vomiting and use of any drug for pain, vomiting and any other side effect were measured and compared. Results: It was observed that duration of surgery, duration of infusion and use of Fentanyl (μg) was statistically insignificant in all the three groups. The mean time of eye opening in Control, Dex 0.3 and Dex 0.6 was 2.83 ± 0.67 min, 4.35 ± 0.68 min and 4.71 ± 0.61 min respectively. The mean time to follow verbal commands in Control, Dex 0.3 and Dex 0.6 group was 3.32 ± 0.70 min, 4.84 ± 0.68 min and 5.29 ± 0.69 min respectively. The mean time to extubate was maximum (5.94 ± 0.66 min) in Dex 0.6 group as compare to control (3.87 ± 0.62 min) and Dex 0.3 (5.25 ± 0.73 min). The use of antiemetic and analgesics was highest in Control followed by Dex 0.3 and least in Dex 0.6. Conclusion: The perioperative infusion of dexmedetomidine has good efficacy during laparoscopic surgery as it, offered decreased postoperative pain level and better sedation scores, decreased the total amount of analgesic and antiemetics requirements as compared with control. Continuous infusion at 0.3µg/kg/hour is recommended over the 0.6µg/kg/hour.
1. Clarke KW, Hall LW. “Xylazineâ€â€”a new sedative for horses and cattle. Vet Rec. 1969;85:512–517.
2. Cotecchia S, Kobilka BK, Daniel KW, Nolan RD, Lapetina EY, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ, Regan JW. Multiple second messenger pathways of alphaadrenergic receptor subtypes expressed in eukaryotic cells. J Biol Chem. 1990;265:63–69.
3. Virtanen R, Savola JM, Saano V, Nyman L. Characterization of the selectivity, specificity and potency of medetomidine as an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Eur J Pharmacol. 1988;150:9–14.
4. Venn RM, Bradshaw CJ, Spencer R, Brealey D, Caudwell E, Naughton C, Vedio A, Singer M, Feneck R, Treacher D, Willatts SM, Grounds RM. Preliminary UK experience of dexmedetomidine, a novel agent for postoperative sedation in the intensive care unit. Anaesthesia. 1999;54:1136–1142.
5. Aho Ms, Erkola Oa, Scheinin H, Lehtinen Am, Korttila Kt: Effect of intravenously administered dexmedetomidine on pain after laparoscopic tubal ligation. Anesth Analg; 73:112-8,1991.
6. Tufanogullari B, White PF, Peixoto MP, Kianpour D, Lacour T, Griffin J, Skrivanek G, Macaluso A, Shah M, Provost DA. Dexmedetomidine infusion during laparoscopic bariatric surgery: the effect on recovery outcome variables. Anesth Analg. 2008 Jun;106(6):1741-8.
7. Gurbet A, Basagan-Mogol E, Turker G, Ugun F, Kaya FN, Ozcan B. Intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine reduces perioperative analgesic requirements. Can J Anaesth. 2006 Jul;53(7):646-52.
8. Dyck JB, Shafer SL. Dexmedetomidine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Stanford University, School of Medicine, 2000;1:1-5.
9. Badner N, Trepanier C, Chen R et al - Perioperative use of dexmedetomidine improves patient analgesia and provides sedation without increasing side effects. Anesth Analg,1999;88:314S.
10. Thatiany Pereira Chaves, JosenÃlia Maria Alves Gomes, Francisco Elano Carvalho Pereira, Sara Lúcia Cavalcante, Ilse M. Tigre de Arruda Leitão, Hipólito Sousa Monte, Rodrigo Dornfeld Escalante. Hemodynamic and Metabolic Evaluation of Dexmedetomidine and Remifentanil Continuous Infusion in Videolaparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Comparative Study .Rev Bras Anestesiol 2003; 53: 4: 419 – 430.
A Rare Case of Calcified Non-Parasitic Splenic Abscess
Primary splenic abscess is a relatively rare disease. Here we present a case of a 40 year old female who is a case of a calcified non-parasitic splenic abscess.
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7. Robertson F, Leander P, Ekberg O. Radiology of the spleen. Eur Radiol 2001; 11: 80-95
8. Smith ST, Scott DJ, Burdick JS, Rege RV, Jones DB. Laparoscopic marsupialization and hemisplenectomy for splenic cysts. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2001; 11: 243-249
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10. Labruzzo C, Haritopoulos KN, EL Tayar AR, Hakim NS. Posttraumatic cyst of the spleen: a case report and review of the literature. Int Surg 2002; 87: 152-156
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15. Morgenstern L. Nonparasitic splenic cysts: pathogenesis, classification and treatment. J Am Coll Surg 2002; 194: 306-314
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Petrographic and Chemical studies of Tertiary Lignite of Ratnagiri Coast of Maharashtra, INDIA
Tertiary Lignite of western Maharashtra is trapped in basalt and laterite and at places between laterite. These deposits are 50mts above MSL and 500mts away from sea coast. Lignite of Ratnagiri are studied petrographicaly, chemically and with SEM studies for their genesis, depositional environment and quality. The microlithotypes of lignite are recognized on the basis of shape and nature of maceral. The properties of the coal are mainly dependent on the relative abundance and the degree of mixing of maceral. From the study it has been observed that huminite maceral is present in abundance (72 to 90%), followed by irrtertinite and exinite which is very rare to absent. Lignite of Jaigarh is close to peat with high ash, low carbon and calorific value, more mineral matter. While lignite of Golap-Pawas area have distinct maceral content, high carbon and sulphur, low ash and mineral matter with high calorific value. Pyrite nodules concentration indicate reduced environment of deposition. Present study indicates lignite is deposited in estuarine to marine environment.
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Spatial verification of SCS-CN and Φ-Index methods in correlation to land use/land cover and Soil characteristics
Groundwater recharge planning in microwatersheds is based on realistic information on infiltration characteristics. The present paper focuses on identification of infiltration characteristics within Mini watersheds by estimating runoff parameters and Φ-index. For this, the landuse /land cover and hydrological soil groups of the study area have been generated in GIS environment. By using landuse and soil classes, curve number has been generated. In the process, the SCS- CN method has been used to estimate runoff depth, peak discharge, and potential maximum retention, time of concentration and time to peak discharge for individual ten micro-watershed of the study area. For computation of infiltration rate from rainfall runoff data, infiltration indices i.e. Φ -index has been used. The study reveals that the SCS-CN method can be significantly used to determine the runoff estimation with input of LU/LC from RS data in comparison to the rational method. The study also verifies the fact that the Φ-index is related to the landuse, especially vegetation intensity and soil type of the micro-watershed. Result shows that WGK-2, 1/10 micro-watershed having highest Φ–index (2.29 mm/day) value, lower runoff (711.3) and Curve number value (64.33), has 70% forest area and gravely sandy loam type of soil. WGK-2, 10/10 micro-watershed having lowest Φ–index (0.81 mm/day) has higher runoff (807.29 mm) and Curve number value (84.7).
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Evaluation of portal vein anatomy and variations in a south Indian population group on routine abdominal multi-detector computed tomography
Thomas B, Basti Ram S, Xavier Joseph V, Kumbar Vishwanath G
Introduction: The portal venous system is associated with a wide range of congenital variations and its preoperative detection is imperative for hepatobiliary surgical and percutaneous procedures. Aims: The purpose of this study is to study the normal anatomy and to determine the incidence of the types of variations and clinical implications of intrahepatic portal vein anatomy detected on routine MDCT multiphase scan of abdomen among Indian adults. Methods and Material: This is a retrospective study done on 200 patients who underwent MDCT of the abdomen, at our institution, for various indications. All scans were done using GE Bright speed 16 –slice MDCT, according to standard abdominal multiphase CT protocols. Main PV variations and right portal vein variations were investigated as 5 separate groups. All cases were assessed by a single radiologist, for the existence of, type, and number of PV variations. Results: In our study of 200 patients, with almost equal sex distribution (males 103/ 200 and females 97 /200), the standard portal venous anatomy was seen in 81.5% and the prevalence of portal vein variation was 18.5 %. Type 2 accounted for (23 /200) 11.5% and was the most common variant followed by type 3 (9 /200) 4.5%. The prevalence of right portal vein variations in our study was 2.5 percent. No significant association was seen between sex distribution and the presence of portal vein variations. Conclusions: Radiologist and surgeons need to be aware of portal vein variations, especially in cases pertaining to liver interventions. Our study shows a relatively smaller incidence of portal vein variation in the Indian study group compared to that of recent literature. However a study on a larger group is imperative to unravel the true extent of portal vein variations in the Indian population.
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factors of type 2 diabetes: a study among high risk adults in a tribal area of western Maharashtra
Background: The recent World Health Organization report suggests that number of diabetic subjects in India is projected to increase to nearly 80 million by 2030. Behaviour change communication is one of the strategy to prevent type 2 diabetes. Objectives: To study the effect of Behaviour Change Communication on behavioural risk factors of type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This is an interventional study carried out during December 2010 to November 2012 in a field practice area under Rural Health Training Centre (RHTC) attached to the Department of Community Medicine of a tertiary care municipal hospital in Mumbai. Forty one tribal adults in 25 - 64 yrs age group having 3 or more risk factors for type 2 diabetes were included in this study. Data was collected at baseline and 12 months after behaviour change communication. Data was analyzed in SPSS Version 15.0 using Paired t test. Results: Thirty five participants completed the study. Significant reductions in both the tobacco and alcohol use occurred between baseline and 12 months after intervention. Improvement in fruit and vegetable intake was observed at 12 months but it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Behaviour Change Communication is effective strategy to reduce the behavioural risk factors of type 2 diabetes among high risk tribal adults.
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A study of assessment of dyslipidemia in hypertensive patients
Introduction: The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of interrelate risk factors of metabolic origin—metabolic risk factors that appear to directly promote the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The most widely recognized of the metabolic risk factors are atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and elevated plasma glucose. Aims and objectives: To assess the Dyslipidemia in hypertensive patients as per ATP-3 guidelines. Material and Method: In the present study two groups were formed (hypertensive and control group). Lipid profile of all the selected patients was done and compared. Results: 48% and 32% of hypertensive patients were having borderline high to high cholesterol level. 40% hypertensive subjects were having elevated serum triglyceride levels. 54% of patients belonging to control group had optimal LDL Cholesterol level.44% hypertensive were having VLDL >30. In control group only 6% were having VLDL >30. 92% hypertensive had levels more than 40 whereas in control group 38% had levels more than 40. Conclusion: thus we conclude that there is significant association of Hypertension and Dyslipidemia.
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Role of MRI in lumbar intervertebral disc prolapse - a clinico- radiologic correlation study
Ram Shenoy Basti, Rishi Philip Mathew, Abdunnisar M, Hadihally B Suresh
Objective: To describe degenerative changes involving intervertebral discs of lumbar spine in correlation with symptoms of the patients. Materials and Methods: Patients with clinically suspected lumbar intervertebral disc prolapse referred for MRI to the Radiology Dept. of our institution over a period of one year from Jan 2013 to Jan 2014 were included in the study. This retrospective analytical study included 100 patients who presented with low back and/or radiating leg pain and other symptoms suggestive of intervertebral disc prolapse. All the patients have undergone MRI on 1.5 T MRI (Philips Achieva 16 Ch.) scanner. The images were correlated with clinical symptoms and level of disc prolapse as well as neurological signs and symptoms. Statistical analysis included percentage frequency and chi square test. Results: 100 patients were included in the study with age ranging from 18 to 73. Disc bulge was most frequent finding seen in 74 patients (74%), disc herniation was seen in 25 patients (25%) and was commonest in patient with acute history of backache while disc bulge was common in patients with chronic symptoms. 77 patients (77%) had MR evidence of nerve or thecal compression. Nerve compression (P Value= 0.013) and disc herniation (P value= 0.004) were significantly associated with pain distal to the knees. Conclusion: Nerve compression or Disc herniation was strongly associated with distal leg pain. Nerve compressions were commonest in patients presenting with acute onset of backache. Disc bulge/ degeneration showed no significant association with specific pain patterns.
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6. Guglielmi G, Dessication Serio A, Leone A, Agrosi L, Cammise M. Imaging in degenerative disease of lumbar spine. Rays 2000; 25: 19-33.
7. Jarvik JG, Hoelingworth W, Martin B. Rapid MRI ver-sus radiograph for patients with low back pain : a ran-domized controlied trial.JAMA 2003; 289: 2810-2818.
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9. Aithala P J, Rajagopal, Sharath R, Asha K: Correlation between clinical features and MRI findings in lumbar disc prolapse. Indian journal of Orthop 2010 Jul – Sep; 44 (3): 263-269.
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11. 11. Sucu HK, Gelal F : Lumbar disc herniation with contra-lateral symptoms. Eur Spine J. 2006 May; 15 (5): 575-6.
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15. Siddique AH, Rafique MZ, Ahmad MN, Usman MU. Role of magnetic resonance imaging in lumbar spondy-losis. J Coll Physician Surg Pak. 2005; 15: 396-9.
Clinico-pathological study on role of frozen section in ovarian lesions at a tertiary care hospital in south India
Nisha J Marla, Athulya C, Hilda Fernandes, Jayaprakash C S
Background: Ovarian neoplasms are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in women. Frozen section (FS) is an integral component in the assessment of ovarian neoplasms at laparoscopy or laparotomy. This study was undertaken to study and correlate FS with permanent histopathological sections in ovarian lesions. Materials and Methods: Intra-operative FS performed for ovarian lesion was analyzed prospectively and retrospectively in 45 patients who underwent surgery at our institution from January 2009 to July 2013.This was compared with the final histopathologic diagnosis on permanent paraffin sections. Results: Among 45 cases of ovarian lesions, the final histopathological diagnosis showed 31 benign tumors, 5 borderline tumors and 9 malignant tumors. The FS diagnosis correlated with the final histopathology in 43 cases (95.5%) and was discordant in 2 cases (4.4%). The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of FS was 97.2%, 88.8%, 97.2% and 88.8% respectively. The sensitivity of FS diagnosis for benign, borderline and malignant lesions was 96.7%, 100% and 88.8%; respectively and the specificities were 92.8%, 100% and 97.2% respectively. Conclusion: Intraoperative FS has high accuracy in the diagnosis of suspected ovarian neoplasms. It is a valuable tool to guide the surgical management of these patients and should be routinely used in all major oncology centres.
1. Spencer LT, Bancroft JD. Microtomy: Paraffin and frozen. In: Bancroft JD, editor. Theory and practice of histological techniques. Chapter 7.6thed.Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. Philadelphia. 2008; 98 – 103.
2. Quinlivan JA, Petersen RW, Nicklin JL. Accuracy of frozen section for the operative management of endometrial cancer.Br J ObstetGynaecol.2001; 108:798-803.
3. Wasinghon P, Suthippintawong C, Tuipae S. The accuracy of intraoperative frozen sections in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors.J Med Assoc Thai.2008 ;91 (12) :1791-5.
4. Dey S, Misra V, Singh PA, Mishra S, Sharma N. Role of intraoperative imprint cytology in diagnosis of suspected ovarian neoplasms.Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev.2010 ; 11:1389-1391.
5. Maheshwari A, Gupta S, Kane S, Kulkarni Y, Goyal BK, Tongaonkar HB. Accuracy of intraoperative frozen section in the diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms: experience at a tertiary oncology center.World J Surg Oncol.2006; 4:12.
6. Khoddami M, Ghavam P. Diagnostic Accuracy of Frozen Section in Ovarian Tumors: A 12-Year Review. Iranian Journal of Pathology.2012;7 (2), 112 – 120.
7. Gorisek B, Stare MR, KrajncI. Accuracy of intra-operative frozen section analysis of ovarian tumours. J Intl Med Research. 2009; 37:1173-1178.
8. Hwang TS, Ham EK, Kim CW, Chi JG, Park SH. An evaluation of frozen section biopsy ic 4434 cases. J Korean Med Science. 1987 ; 2 (4) ;239-245.
9. Houck K, Najmosama N, Linda D, Yuchiao C et.al. Borderlinetumors of the ovary: Correlation of frozen section and permanent histopathologic diagnosis. Obstretrics and Gynecology. 2000; 95 (6): 839-843.
10. Stewart CJR, Brennan BA, Koay E, Naran A, Ruba S. Value of cytology in the intraoperative assessment of ovarian tumors – A review of 402 cases and comparison with frozen section diagnosis.Cancer cytopathol.2010; 118 :127-36.
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12. Ghaemmaghami F, Behnamfer F, Ensani F. Intraoperative frozen sections for assessment of female cancers. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev. 2007; 8: 635-639.
13. Kim JH, Kim TJ, Park YG, Lee SH, lee CW, Song MJ et.al. Clinical analysis of intra-operative frozen section proven borderline tumors of the ovary. J GynecolOncol. 2009. 20 (3): 176-180.
Study of Intravenous Drug Analgesia for first stage labour pain relief: a descriptive study
Sanjaykumar B Pagare, Nimisha Pagare, Deshpande S S, Yelikar K A
Pain relief in labour is among the most common problem encountered by treating doctors. Various methods are being increasingly employed for pain relief during labour. Present study describes the effect of Intravenous Drug Analgesia in relief of first stage of labour pain. 100 cases of full term (37 to 42 weeks) singleton pregnancy with cephalic presentation in active phase of labour with cervical dilatation of ≥ 3cm but ≤ 5 cm were included in the study. VAS was used to assess the pain before administering labour analgesia and repeated at 1 hour, 2 hour, 4 hour and at full dilatation of cervix. Overall effect of labour analgesia in relief of pain was categorized as: Excellent, Good, Fair and Poor. Duration of labour was recorded from time of administration of labour analgesia to delivery of baby. Mode of delivery was also noted and categorized as Normal, Assisted- Ventouse/Forceps or Caesarean. Assessment of neonatal outcome was done using APGAR score in all babies at 1 minute and 5 minute. Side effects or complications were also noted. The results indicate that Intravenous Drug Analgesia is as an effective mode of management of labour pain.
1. Pandya ST. Labour analgesia: Recent advances. Indian J Anaesth 2010;54:400-8.
2. Chandnani K, Sainee HB. Pain relief in labour: tramadol versus pentazocine. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 2013;2:186-9.
3. Sanjaykumar B Pagare, Nimisha Pagare, Deshpande S S, Yelikar K A. Effect of paracervical block in relief of first stage labour pain: an observational study. MedPulse – International Medical Journal June 2014; 1(7): 328-330
4. Ullman R, Smith LA, Burns E, Mori R, Dowswell T. Parenteral opioids for maternal pain relief in labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD007396. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007396.pub2
5. Desai SV. The concept of optimizing Labour. FOGSI FOCUS. 2005. pp 1-2.
6. Jyoti MS, Chowdhary D. Programmed Labour. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India, 2006. Vol.56 (1): 53-55.
Assessing hand grip strength and screening of performance related upper limb injuries experienced by Indian musicians
The objective of this study were to assess Hand Grip Strength and screen for performance related upper limb injuries experienced by Guitar, Sitar, Keyboard, Harmonium, and Tabla players.100 Musicians from age group of 20-60 years participated in this survey. Every musician was given a questionnaire to fill as per their experience about performance related symptoms and problem faced in past or present in upper limb. After this, Hand grip strength (B/L) was measured in sitting position with elbow flexed in 900, shoulder adducted, forearm in mid prone position with wrist in neutral position and cuff of Modified Mercurial type Adult Sphygmomanometer inflated to 20 mmHg. Every participant musician was told to press the cuff as hard as possible for 3 times. Rest period of 5 minutes was given in-between every trail. The Mean score among 3 trails was recorded. The result showed, 66 Musicians out of 100 were having performance related symptom or problem experienced in upper limb. The information about musician`s hand grip strength, showed significant difference between the dominant and non-dominant hand grip strength (p = 0.034). Musicians participated in survey experienced symptoms like significant pain in musculoskeletal system, abnormal sensations in finger tips, weakness in muscles and loss of sensation in fingers. Assessment of grip strength is an essential evaluation method and it’s useful to keep normative data of hand grip strength for musicians and also for physiotherapist.
1. Susan L. Burke, James P. Higgins, Michael A. McClinton, Rebecca J. Saunders,LaurenValdata. Hand and Upper Extremity Rehabilitation: A Practical Guide. 3rded, Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2006. Chapter 54, Therapeutic Management of the Performing Artist, Lauren Valdata. pg 683-705.
2. Terri M. Skirven, A. Lee Osterman, Jane M. Fedorczyk, Peter C. Amadio. Rehabilitation of the Hand and Upper Extremity. 6thed, Philadelphia: Mosby; 2011. Chapter 142, Assessment and Treatment Principles for the Upper Extremities of Instrumental Musicians, Katherine Butler and Richard Norris, pg 1855- 1877
3. Katherine Butler, Preventing Injuries in Guitarist Part 1, Acoustic magazine, UK. 2011 March, [Cited 2012 Oct 5]; Page 90.
4. Katherine Butler, Preventing Injuries in Guitarist Part 2, Acoustic magazine, UK. 2011 April, [Cited 2012 Aug 12]; Page 84.
5. Parvatikar, V.B. and Mukkannavar, P.B. Comparative Study of Grip Strength in Different Positions of Shoulder and Elbow with Wrist in Neutral and Extension Positions. Journal of Exercise Science and Physiotherapy, [Internet] 2009 [Cited 2012 Sep 24] Vol. 5, No. 2: 67-75. Available from: medind.nic.in/jau/t09/i2/jaut09i2p67.pdf‎
6. George F. Hamilton, Carolyn McDonald, Thomas C. Chenier. Measurement of Grip Strength: Validity and Reliability of the Sphygmomanometer and Jamar Grip Dynamometer. JOSPT. [Internet] 1992 [Cited 2012 Dec 19] Volume 16 Number 5: 215-219. Available from: www.jospt.org/doi/pdf/10.2519/jospt.1992.16.5.215
7. Alan H D Watson, What studying musicians tell us about motor control of the hand.Journal of Anatomy. [Internet] 2006 [Cited 2013 Dec 8] 208, 527-542. Available from : www.musicandhealth.co.uk/articles/WatsonReview06.pdf‎
8. Gregory Mitsionis, Emilios E. Pakos, Kosmas S. Stafilas, NikolaosPaschos, Theodore Papakostas, and Alexandros E. Beris. Normative data on hand grip strength in a Greek adult population. IntOrthop. [Internet] 2009 [Cited 2013 Dec 13]; 33 (3): 713–717. Available from :
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2903114/
9. NitishBansal: Hand grip strength normative data for young adults. Indian journal Physiotherapy and occupational therapy; [Internet]. 2008 [Cited 2013 Dec 15] 2, (2): 4-6. Available from:
http://www.indmedica.com/journals.php?journalid=10andissueid=127andarticleid=1692andaction=article
10. Abazar Teimoory, Mohammad Nasiri, Aslan Khodamoradi and Khadijeh Ebrahimi. The Effects of Aging on Hand Grip Strength in the Adult Iranian Population. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences [Internet] 2011[Cited 2012 Sep 26] 5(12): 970-973. Available from: www.ajbasweb.com/ajbas/2011/December-2011/970-973.pdf‎.
11. Katherine Butler, Preventing Injuries in Guitarist Part 3, Acoustic magazine. [Internet] 2011, [cited 2012 Oct 5] Page 18-22 . Available From: www.londonhandtherapy.co.uk/ publications.
12. Tamara Mitchell. A Painful Melody Prevention and Treatment of Musicians’ Injuries. [Internet] 2007 [updated 2007 Sep 12 ; cited 2013 Dec 8]. Available from: www.working-well.org/article/pdf/musicians.pdf.‎
Evaluation of anatomical variations in aortic arch branching pattern in south Indian population using computed tomography
Background and Purpose: Anatomical variations can occur in the aortic arch branching pattern and the frequency of various types vary in different population groups. These are likely due to alterations in the development of aortic arch arteries during embryonic period. These variations are significant for diagnostic and surgical procedures in head and neck. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of the aortic arch branch variations on CT in the local population and thus provide useful data to intervention radiologists, vascular, head and neck and thoracic surgeons. Materials and Methods: CT scans of the chest of a total of 306 patients performed in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively and assessed for the origin of the major aortic branches. Axial images are primarily used for assessment. Thereafter necessary reformatted multiplanar and curved reformatted images, MIP, VR images were used to assign each patient is assigned into a particular type of the branch variation. Results: The most common aortic arch branching pattern - type 1 was found in 274 of 306 cases (89.5%). In this pattern three major branches - Brachiocephalic trunk (BT), Left common carotid (LCC) and Left subclavian (LS) originated independently from the arch of aorta. Second commonest branching pattern was type 2 which was found in 16 of 306 cases (5.2%). This pattern had only two branches - The first was a common trunk designated as great trunk (GT) which gave the brachiocephalic trunk and left common carotid artery. The other was the left subclavian artery. Third common branching pattern was type 3 which was seen in 14 of 306 cases (4.6%), which had four branches: Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery and left vertebral artery (LV). Two rare variants were found, 1 case each (0.3%). One had four branches: right common carotid, left common carotid, left subclavian and aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSC). This has been called the type 4 variant. The other had three branches: great trunk, left vertebral artery and left subclavian artery ( type 6 variant).
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2. Natsis KI, Tsitouridis IA, Didagelos MV, Fillipidis AA, Vlasis KG, Tsikaras PD. Anatomical variations in the branches of the human aortic arch in 633 angiographies: clinical significance and literature review. Surg Radiol Anat SRA. 2009 Jun; 31(5):319–23.
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Perimenopausal bleeding: evaluation of various treatment modalities
Introduction: Perimenopause is defined as, the years prior to menopause that encompasses the change from normal ovulatory cycles to cessation of menses, marked by irregularity of menstrual cycles. Management consists of a stepwise evaluation of all possible organic causes of uterine bleeding. A patient's degree of menorrhagia, associated pain, desire for pregnancy, concurrent medical conditions, treatment side effects and her physician's comfort level should be taken into account when deciding on management. Aims and objectives: to study the various treatment modalities used to treat perimenopausal bleeding. Materials and method: Women attending gynecology department with perimenopausal bleeding were enrolled in the study. Detail history, clinical finding were recorded. Treatment was decided using standard criteria. And the outcome was measured. Results: Maximum 66 i.e. 82.5% cases had dysfunctional uterine bleeding followed by fibroid. Majority of the cases (13.75%) had hypertension as associated disorder. 42 cases received Norethisterone acetate which cured 35 i.e. 83.33% cases, while 14 cases received Tranexamic acid which cured 12 i.e. 85.71% cases. In 12 cases dilatation and curettage was performed which cured 9 i.e. 75% cases, while in 12 cases hysterectomy was done which cured all the cases. 16.25% women required blood transfusion to correct the anemia. Conclusion: In medical management low cost tranexamic acid (85.75%) is almost as effective as high cost hormone therapy, norethisterone acetate (83.33%).Low cost minor surgical procedures like dilatation and curettage is effective in 75% cases while high cost major surgery like hysterectomy is effective in all the cases as it removes the causative organ.
Introduction: In our work we report the preparation, characterization and luminescence mechanism of Tb3+ activated LiBO2 green emitting phosphor for solids state lighting. Tb3+ has been extensively used as green-emitting activator for luminescent phosphor materials; the excitation and emission spectra indicate that the prepared lithium borate based phosphor can be effectively excited by 353 nm, to showing a bright green emission at 545 nm corresponding to the f→f transition of Tb3+ ions. All the characteristics indicated that LiBO2:Tb3+ is an excellent phosphor for solid state lighting.
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Phenotypic characterization of coagulase negative staphylococci from various clinical isolates
Mamta Gour, Kalpana Date, V. R. Thombare, K. K. Gour
Background: Despite their frequency as contaminants, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) have become important nosocomial pathogens, accounting for 9% of all nosocomial infections. These infections are difficult to treat because of the risk factors and the multiple drug resistance shown by these organisms. Material and Methods: One hundred and forty CNS were isolated from various clinical samples like blood, pus, urine body fluids, urine, catheter tip, gastric lavage and wound swab. After confirming the isolates as CNS, species level identification was performed by simple, nonexpensive conventional methods and antibiotic sensitivity testing was also carried out. Result: 140 isolates could be identified to species level. Among these 140 identified CNS isolates, S. saprophyticus was the most frequently isolated 58 (41.43%) from various clinical sample, followed by S. epidermidis 45 (32.14%), S. lugdunensis 23 (16.43%), S. hemolyticus 11 (7.86%), S. schleiferi 3 (2.14%). In the present study, the susceptibility pattern of CNS species against antimicrobial agents showed that 65.71 % of the isolates were Methicillin Sensitive (MSCNS). Majority of the CNS species were sensitive to Amikacin, (94.29%), Nitrofurantoin (85.71%), Tetracycline (75.71%), and clindamycin (75%). None of the CNS species showed resistance to vancomycin and Linezolid. Conclusion: The increased pathogenic potential and multiple-drug resistance demonstrates the need to adopt simple, reliable and non-expensive methods for identifying and determining the antibiotic sensitivity of CNS.
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Evaluation of treatment of fracture neck fermur with uncemented bipolar prosthesis
Abdul Naser, Sarang Vyawahare
Background: The Incidence of Femoral Neck Fracture is On an Increase. Despite Marked Improvement in Implant Design, Surgeon technique and Patient Care, This Fracture Still remains the Unsolved Fracture. In the elderly replacement arthroplasty is better option in View of critical blood supply of femoral head, osteoporosis, prolonged immobility in elderly patient Considering the social economic status, cost factor, demand of squatting and sitting cross legged, operating conditions, Bipolar arthroplasty whereas can be conducted even in remote areas, is cost effective, result even at the hand of general orthopedic surgeons are good and does not change much the life style of Indian population. Material and methods: All patent above the age of 55 years suspected of having an intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck coming to the casualty were considered for this. Detailed history of the mechanism of the injury, associated injuries Anteroposterior X- rays of the hip and lateral x-rays were taken presence of absence of osteoporosis were noted. Also the part of the neck remaining above the lesser trochanter was noted, Bipolar Prosthesis was used, Lateral Position was given and Moore’s approach was used. Results: In the Presence Series total no of cases were 50 of which mean age of patient were 60 years and mean follow-up was 2 years, The mean post operative Harris hip score was 84 points, 50% of cases were excellent out come with no pain no limp with normal life style. Conclusion: Bipolar prosthesis could be used as replacement arthroplasty in intracapsular fracture neck femur on a larger scale ensuring early mobilization and ambulation of elderly patients.
1. Anderson BJG Hip Assessment: Comparison between nine different method JBJS, 54-b: 621,972. 2. Apley AG,lewise soloman facture,6th ed,Bosworths,439-42 3. Barmada R,mess D Bateman hemiarthroplasty component disassembly: A report of three cases of high density poly ethylene component disassembly 4. BasuAK,Asonal Talwarkar’s endoprosthetic replacement of hip in the management of subcapital fracture neck of femur.IOJ,Vol.20,No.2, July 1986 5. Bateman je Editorial comment.clin orthop,251:2,Feb 1990Bateman JE Single-Assembly total hip prosthesis priliminiry report clin orthop 251:3,Feb 1990 6. Bateman JE,Berinji Ar, Bayne O, Greyson D long term result of bipolar Arthoplasty in osteoarthritis of the hip.clin ortho,251:54,Feb 1990 7. Bryant MJ,Kernohan WG,Nizor JR,Mollan Rab Astatical analysis of hip scores.JBJS,75(B):705,1983 8. Charnley J Total hip replacement by low friction arthoplasty.clin orthop 72;2,1970 9. Chen TH,Huang Ck,Chen Wm,Chiang CC,Lo W H heterotopic ossification after cemented or uncemented Batman bipolar hemiarthoplasty.cheng-Hua-tHserch-Tsa-chih-Taiperi,61(9):520-3,sep 1998 10. Gallinaro P,Tabasso G,Negretto R,Elena M Brach Del Prever Exprince with nipolar prosthesis in femoral neck fracture in the elderly and Debilitated .clin orthop,251:26,feb 1990 11. Giliberty Rp Hemiarthoplasty Of the hip using a low friction bipolar endoprosthesis. Clin orthop,175:86,1983 12. Giliberty Rp Anew concept of abipolar endoprosthesis.as Qoted by Mcconvill et al : Bipolar hemi-arthoplasty in degenerative arthritis of the hip clin orthop,251:67,feb 1990. 13. Hey-Groves EW As quoted by Mishein etal: Transcervical fractures of the hip treated with the Bateman Bipolar prosthesis.clin ortho,251:48,Feb1990 14. Higgins Rw Quoted by Mcconville et al :bipolar Hemi-arthoplasty in degenerative arthritis of the hip .clin ortho, 251:68,1990 15. Kindsfater KA,Spitzer Al,Schaffer JL, Scott RD Bipolar hemiarthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis of hip :A review of 41 cases with 8 to 10 year of follow up.orthopedic,21(4):425,Apr 1998 16. Lenard W labelle,clolwill jc Swanson AB Bateman bipolar hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture:A 5-10years follow study.clin orthop,251:20,feb1990 17. Lestrange NR the Bateman UPF prosthesis:A48-month experience orthopedics,2:4,1979 18. Lestrange NrBipolar arthroplasty for 496 hip fracture clinOrthop,251:7,Feb 1990 19. Long JW,Knight W Bateman UPF prosthesis in fracture of femoral neck clin orthop,152:198,1980 20. Longchan P the Giliberty bipolar prosthesis clin orthop,141:169,1979 21. Malohtra R, Arya R Bhan S Bipolar hemiarthroplasty in femoral neck fracture Arch ortho Trauma Surg,114(2):79-82,1995 22. Maricevic H,Frceg M,Gekic K Treatment of femoral neck fractures with bipolar Hemiarthroplasty.Lijec Vjesn,120(5):121-4,May 1998 23. Mcconville OR,Bowman Kr A, Kilfoyle RM,Mcconville JF, Mayo Ra Bipolar Hemiarthoplasty In degenerative arthritis of hip:100 consecutive cases.clin orthop,251:67,Feb 1990 24. Mess D,Barmada R, Munoz F,planer d(quoted by labelle et al :bateman Bipolar Hip Arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture.clin orthop,251:20 Feb 1990 25. Mess D ,Barmada R Clinical and motion studies of the Bateman bipolar prosthesis in osteonecrosis of the hip.clin orthop 251:44,Feb 1990 26. Murzic WJ,McCollum DE hip arthroplasty for osteonecrosis after renal trans plantation clin orthop,299:212_19 Feb 1994 27. Nagai L,Takatori Y,Kuruta Y Moro T,Karita T, Mabuchi A,Nonself-centering Bateman bipolar endoprosthesis for nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head: A 12 to 19 years follow-up study orthopSci,7(1):74-8,002 28. Nottage WM,Mcmaster WCComparision of bipolar implants with fixed-neck prosthesis in femoral neck fracture.clin orthop, 251:338,Feb 1990. 29. Pauwels FP As quoted by Campbell: operative orthopaedics,9th ed,Vol.1. 30. Phillips TW, Rao Dr.Bateman bipolar hips with autologous bone graft reinforcement for dysplastic acetabula.clin orthop,251:104,1990 31. Prieskorn D, Burton P,Page BJ2nd, Swienckowski Jbipolar hemiarthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis of the hip orthopedics,17(12):1105-11,Dec 1994 32. Rydell NW forces acting on the femoral head prosthesis.a study on strain gauge applied prosthesis in living person.acta orthop scand 88(37:suppl):1,1996 33. Watson jones injuries of the hip in fracture and joint injuries 6th ed,Vol.II,BI Church Hill Living stone ltd,1992,878-973,reprint 1998. 34. Weber BG total hip replacement with rotation endoprosthesis(Trunnion-bearing prosthesis).clin Orthop,251:7,Feb 1990 35. West WF, Mann RA(Quoted by lestrange-bipolar arthroplasty for 496 hip fracture. Clin orthop,251:7,Feb 1990) 36. Yamamuro T,Toyoji Uo,Hideo Okumura, Lida H, Hamamoto T Five Year Result of bipolar arthoplasty with Bone Grafts and reamed acetabular for osteoarthritis in young adults. Clin orthop ,251:75,1990.
Pattern of road traffic accident cases in Karad - Three years retrospective study
Sunil C Aramani, Shakuntala S Aramani, Vijay Kumar A G, Patil D T, Anand Patil
Introduction: A traffic collision, also known as a traffic accident, motor vehicle collision, motor vehicle accident, car accident, automobile accident, road traffic collision, road traffic accident, wreck (USA), car crash, or car smash (Australian) occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other stationary obstruction, such as a tree or utility pole. Material and Methods: In this 3 years retrospective study done from Jan 2010 to Dec 2012, totally 2698 road traffic accident cases which have been registered in the casualty of Krishna Institute of Medical sciences were analyzed at the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, KIMS, Karad. During this study several epidemiological observations and their results were considered. Results and Discussion: In the present study, maximum number of cases belongs to 21-30 years age group, with male: female ratio is 2.1:1. According to study done by Badrinarayan M, among 360 RTA victims, most cases 138 (38.33%) were in the age group of 15–30 years. A high percentage of both fatal 30 cases out of total 66 (45.45%) and non-fatal 108 out of total 294 (36.73%) cases were observed from the same age group. Mobile males (85%) outscored the domicile females (15%) with a ratio of 5.66:1. Conclusions: Research suggests that the driver's attention is affected by distracting sounds such as conversations and operating a mobile phone while driving. Many jurisdictions now restrict or outlaw the use of some types of phone within the car.
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Climate change and adaptation concepts: an indispensable curriculum innovation at higher and basic levels of education in developing countries of Africa
Ezugwu J J O
Introduction: This paper presents the outcome of an investigation that considered the current global changes in climate and discussed “climate change and adaptation concepts†for inclusion as innovations in curriculum planning, revision and implementation at both basic and higher levels of education in countries in Africa. This investigation was carried out in Nigeria, an African country and therefore considers African countries’, especially Nigerian educational system as possible areas where the suggested “climate change and adaptation concepts†could best be infused as innovations in curriculum provisions, curriculum revision, and implementation at both Basic and Higher levels of education. In this context, Africa countries are assumed to have approximately similar climatic conditions and can be considered together. The design employed in the investigation was a survey that involved the opinions of a randomly composed sample of one hundred and twenty (120) respondents to a questionnaire instrument developed by the researcher. The sample was made up 30 (thirty) higher education (University lecturers, 30 (thirty) College of Education lecturers, 30 (thirty) basic education (secondary education tutors) and 30(thirty) literate adult members of the public, all drawn from University of Nigeria town in Nsukka, Ehamufu College of Education, Secondary School in Nsukka and Adult members of the public within the metropolis. A total of 5(five) research questions were posed, a total of 20 (twenty) questionnaire items were used and 3(three) research hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Data collected were analysed using some descriptive statistics like frequencies of the responses obtained on a 4-point likert scale, weighted average responses, as well as z-test statistic for answering the hypotheses formulated. Results obtained showed that all the items of the five research questions posed were considered acceptable by the three categories of respondents used in the study. Results also showed that there was no significant difference in the mean opinions of University lecturers, college of education lecturers, secondary education tutors and the literate adult members of the public that served as respondents to the questionnaire items. Recommendations made include that the performance objectives; content areas to be used; instructional methods for teaching and learning of the concepts; as well as evaluation techniques suggested be infused in the curriculum at both levels of education as innovations in Africa countries, especially in Nigeria.
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Towards achieving millennium development goals in Nigeria: development and validation of an instrument for assessing e-learning acquisition in a learner
Ezugwu J J O, Onugha I U
Introduction: This paper focused on the development and validation of an instrument for assessing extent of e-learning acquisition by learners in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Two designs were employed namely: documentary and instrumentation research design. Documentary design was employed because many Information and Communication Technology (ICT) documents were consulted for the content validity of the instrument. Instrumentation is also justified because the paper is tailored on development and validation of an instrument for assessing extent of acquisition of the ICT facilities e-learning skills in learners. Area of the study is principally university of Nigeria, Nsukka. Sample and sampling techniques were not carried out since the entire academic staff of the university who are currently battling with the acquisition of e-learning skills was used in the study. Items of the instrument were framed based on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plat form. The assessment instrument was content and non-referenced validated by three experts: two computer and one measurement and evaluation experts in this university. Its reliability coefficient was found to be 0.71 using the rates of three (3) expert judges that rated the adequacy of the assessment instrument out of fifty (50) items presented while fifty (50) approved as appropriate as shown in the final drafting of the assessment instrument.
1. Errol Hawitt (2002). E-learning and Capacity Building for ICT Application. Retrieved on 30th June, 2009 from http:/unpan.1.un.org/unpan007692ereadiness.pdf2002. 2. GeoSINC International (2002). An e-learning Guide: How to Develop and Implement a National E-Readiness Action Plan in Developing Countries. Http://www.infodev.orgaccessed30june2009 3. Onugha, I. U. (2009). Components and Dimensions of E-Readiness Assessment of E-Readiness of Nigerian Universities for ICT Facilitated Learning/E-Learning. Unpublished Ph.D Proposal, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. 4. National Policy on Education (2004). NERDC Press. Lagos: Nigeria.
Influence of divorce on children’s up brought and education in afikpo north local government of ebonyi state: Remedial measures for sustainable life styles
Oko Emelda Chinasa, Ezeugwu J J O
Introduction: This study presents the results of an investigation on the major causes of divorce in Afikpo North Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, the influence of divorce on children’s upbringing, educationally, socially and emotionally and suggested measures for the eradication of divorce which is a notable problem in Afikpo North Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. Seven clustered research questions with a total of 60 the following items and hypothesis guided the study. The design employed was the descriptive survey involving a questionnaire instrument. Purposive sampling technique was used in the study in order to use schools that have divorced cases in the study. A random sample of 480 SS 3 students 40 secondary school teachers, as well as 21 school guidance counselors, all drawn from 21 secondary schools in the L.G.A, was used as respondents. On the whole there were 260 males, 260 females respectively taking all males and females together well as data collected were analyzed analyses using some descriptive statistics like frequencies, percentages, weighted average responses, as inferential statistics like t-test statistics for testing the hypothesis stated in the study. Major findings in the causes of divorce include sterility, importency, adultery, neglect of wives by husbands; influences of divorce on children include of education of children for trading and other, forms of petty business, exhibition of deviant behaviours like theft, prostitution, aggression, development of low self-esteem and feeling of rejection. Some suggested remedial measures include complete eradication of early and forceful marriages, unfaithfulness, neglect of wives and exhibition of true love and respect on the part of couples. Some recommendations made include that would-be-partners should be biologically harmonious through adequate testing of their genotypes, and avoidance of marriages arranged by relatives or friends without the consent of both parents.
1. Ajuka, G.O. and Ikpakpa, S.O. (1999). The relationship between level of education and family instability in Afikpo North L.G.a. of Ebonyi State. Unpublished Bachelor of Science Degree Thesis, University of Nigeria Nsukka. 2. Amaku, C. (1989). Family, marriage and society, Awka: MEKS-UNIQUE of (NIG) Publishers. 3. Bernads, J.M. and Nesbitts (1981). Divorce: An Unreliable Predictor of Children’s Emotional Predisposition. Journal of Divorce (4) 31-42. 4. Colletta, N.D. (1983). Stressful Lives: The Situation of Divorced Mothers and their Children. Journal of Divorce, 6 (3), 1931. 5. Despert, L. (1982). Children of Divorce. New York: Dolphin Books Doubleday. 6. Elias, T.O., Nwabara S.N. and Akpamgbo C.O. (ed) (1975). African indigenous laws. Enugu: Government Press. 7. Eze, D.N. (ed) (2005). What to write and how to write – A step-By-step guide to educational report. Enugu: Pearls and Gold. 8. Fagan, F.P. and Rector, R. (2000). The effects of divorce on Americans. Washington D.C: The Heritage Foundation. 9. Glasser, P.D. Navarre, E. (1975). Structural problems of the one parent family. Journal of Social Issues. 21, 98-109. 10. Hetherington, E.M. (1972). Effects of father absence on personality development in adolescent daughters Developmental Psychology. 7, 313-326. 11. Kalter, N. (1977). Children of divorce in an out patient psychiatric population. American Journal of orthopsychiatry. 47, 40-51. 12. Kaplan, H.B. and Pokomy, A.D. (1971). Self-Derogation and Childhood broken home. Journal of Marriage and Family, 33, 328-350. 13. Kurdek, L.A. and Siesky, A.E. (1980). Effects of divorce on children: The relationship between parents and child perspectives. Journal of Divorce, 4(2), 85-99. 14. Mueller, C.M. and Pope, H. (1977). Marital instability. A study of its transmission between generation In Journal of Marriage and Family 39, 83-92. 15. Nwogugu, E.I. (1974). Family law in Nigeria (3rd edition). Enugu: Otuson Nigeria Limited. 16. Oneke, J. (2004). Should I, or should I not marry him or her? Benin: Dunamis Publication House. 17. Pett, M.G. (1982a). Correlates of children’s social adjustment following divorce. Journal of Divorce 5(3), 1-17. 18. Pitts, J.R. (1974). The structural functions approach. In E.T. Christensen (ed). Handbook of marriage and family. Rand Menally. 19. Wallerstein, J. and Kelly, J. (1975). The effects of parental divorce: Experiences of the pre-school child. Journal of Child Psychiatry. 14, 600-616.
Influence of divorce on children’s up brought and education in afikpo north local government of ebonyi state: Remedial measures for sustainable life styles
Oko Emelda Chinasa, Ezeugwu J J O
Introduction: This study presents the results of an investigation on the major causes of divorce in Afikpo North Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, the influence of divorce on children’s upbringing, educationally, socially and emotionally and suggested measures for the eradication of divorce which is a notable problem in Afikpo North Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. Seven clustered research questions with a total of 60 the following items and hypothesis guided the study. The design employed was the descriptive survey involving a questionnaire instrument. Purposive sampling technique was used in the study in order to use schools that have divorced cases in the study. A random sample of 480 SS 3 students 40 secondary school teachers, as well as 21 school guidance counselors, all drawn from 21 secondary schools in the L.G.A, was used as respondents. On the whole there were 260 males, 260 females respectively taking all males and females together well as data collected were analyzed analyses using some descriptive statistics like frequencies, percentages, weighted average responses, as inferential statistics like t-test statistics for testing the hypothesis stated in the study. Major findings in the causes of divorce include sterility, importency, adultery, neglect of wives by husbands; influences of divorce on children include of education of children for trading and other, forms of petty business, exhibition of deviant behaviours like theft, prostitution, aggression, development of low self-esteem and feeling of rejection. Some suggested remedial measures include complete eradication of early and forceful marriages, unfaithfulness, neglect of wives and exhibition of true love and respect on the part of couples. Some recommendations made include that would-be-partners should be biologically harmonious through adequate testing of their genotypes, and avoidance of marriages arranged by relatives or friends without the consent of both parents.
1. Ajuka, G.O. and Ikpakpa, S.O. (1999). The relationship between level of education and family instability in Afikpo North L.G.a. of Ebonyi State. Unpublished Bachelor of Science Degree Thesis, University of Nigeria Nsukka. 2. Amaku, C. (1989). Family, marriage and society, Awka: MEKS-UNIQUE of (NIG) Publishers. 3. Bernads, J.M. and Nesbitts (1981). Divorce: An Unreliable Predictor of Children’s Emotional Predisposition. Journal of Divorce (4) 31-42. 4. Colletta, N.D. (1983). Stressful Lives: The Situation of Divorced Mothers and their Children. Journal of Divorce, 6 (3), 1931. 5. Despert, L. (1982). Children of Divorce. New York: Dolphin Books Doubleday. 6. Elias, T.O., Nwabara S.N. and Akpamgbo C.O. (ed) (1975). African indigenous laws. Enugu: Government Press. 7. Eze, D.N. (ed) (2005). What to write and how to write – A step-By-step guide to educational report. Enugu: Pearls and Gold. 8. Fagan, F.P. and Rector, R. (2000). The effects of divorce on Americans. Washington D.C: The Heritage Foundation. 9. Glasser, P.D. Navarre, E. (1975). Structural problems of the one parent family. Journal of Social Issues. 21, 98-109. 10. Hetherington, E.M. (1972). Effects of father absence on personality development in adolescent daughters Developmental Psychology. 7, 313-326. 11. Kalter, N. (1977). Children of divorce in an out patient psychiatric population. American Journal of orthopsychiatry. 47, 40-51. 12. Kaplan, H.B. and Pokomy, A.D. (1971). Self-Derogation and Childhood broken home. Journal of Marriage and Family, 33, 328-350. 13. Kurdek, L.A. and Siesky, A.E. (1980). Effects of divorce on children: The relationship between parents and child perspectives. Journal of Divorce, 4(2), 85-99. 14. Mueller, C.M. and Pope, H. (1977). Marital instability. A study of its transmission between generation In Journal of Marriage and Family 39, 83-92. 15. Nwogugu, E.I. (1974). Family law in Nigeria (3rd edition). Enugu: Otuson Nigeria Limited. 16. Oneke, J. (2004). Should I, or should I not marry him or her? Benin: Dunamis Publication House. 17. Pett, M.G. (1982a). Correlates of children’s social adjustment following divorce. Journal of Divorce 5(3), 1-17. 18. Pitts, J.R. (1974). The structural functions approach. In E.T. Christensen (ed). Handbook of marriage and family. Rand Menally. 19. Wallerstein, J. and Kelly, J. (1975). The effects of parental divorce: Experiences of the pre-school child. Journal of Child Psychiatry. 14, 600-616.
Efficacy of dexmedetomidine infusion of two different doses in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries
Tanmay Tiwari, Rajni Gupta, Ajay Chaudhary, Monica Kohli, Jaishree Bogra
Introduction: Dexmedetomidine is an α-adrenoceptor agonist with dose dependent α2-adrenoceptor selectivity. Clinical trials indicate that patients treated with dexmedetomidine required either no additional sedative medication or only small doses of add-on medications. This was significantly different from the add-on medication requirements of patients who did not receive dexmedetomidine. Aims and objectives: to study the Efficacy of dexmedetomidine infusion of two different doses in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries. Materials and method: in the present study three groups were compared (control, dex 0.3 and dex 0.6). Sedation using Ramsay sedation score, pain using Visual analogue score (VAS), incidence of post operative nausea and vomiting and use of any drug for pain, vomiting and any other side effect were measured and compared. Results: It was observed that duration of surgery, duration of infusion and use of Fentanyl (μg) was statistically insignificant in all the three groups. The mean time of eye opening in Control, Dex 0.3 and Dex 0.6 was 2.83 ± 0.67 min, 4.35 ± 0.68 min and 4.71 ± 0.61 min respectively. The mean time to follow verbal commands in Control, Dex 0.3 and Dex 0.6 group was 3.32 ± 0.70 min, 4.84 ± 0.68 min and 5.29 ± 0.69 min respectively. The mean time to extubate was maximum (5.94 ± 0.66 min) in Dex 0.6 group as compare to control (3.87 ± 0.62 min) and Dex 0.3 (5.25 ± 0.73 min). The use of antiemetic and analgesics was highest in Control followed by Dex 0.3 and least in Dex 0.6. Conclusion: The perioperative infusion of dexmedetomidine has good efficacy during laparoscopic surgery as it, offered decreased postoperative pain level and better sedation scores, decreased the total amount of analgesic and antiemetics requirements as compared with control. Continuous infusion at 0.3µg/kg/hour is recommended over the 0.6µg/kg/hour.
1. Clarke KW, Hall LW. “Xylazineâ€â€”a new sedative for horses and cattle. Vet Rec. 1969;85:512–517. 2. Cotecchia S, Kobilka BK, Daniel KW, Nolan RD, Lapetina EY, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ, Regan JW. Multiple second messenger pathways of alphaadrenergic receptor subtypes expressed in eukaryotic cells. J Biol Chem. 1990;265:63–69. 3. Virtanen R, Savola JM, Saano V, Nyman L. Characterization of the selectivity, specificity and potency of medetomidine as an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Eur J Pharmacol. 1988;150:9–14. 4. Venn RM, Bradshaw CJ, Spencer R, Brealey D, Caudwell E, Naughton C, Vedio A, Singer M, Feneck R, Treacher D, Willatts SM, Grounds RM. Preliminary UK experience of dexmedetomidine, a novel agent for postoperative sedation in the intensive care unit. Anaesthesia. 1999;54:1136–1142. 5. Aho Ms, Erkola Oa, Scheinin H, Lehtinen Am, Korttila Kt: Effect of intravenously administered dexmedetomidine on pain after laparoscopic tubal ligation. Anesth Analg; 73:112-8,1991. 6. Tufanogullari B, White PF, Peixoto MP, Kianpour D, Lacour T, Griffin J, Skrivanek G, Macaluso A, Shah M, Provost DA. Dexmedetomidine infusion during laparoscopic bariatric surgery: the effect on recovery outcome variables. Anesth Analg. 2008 Jun;106(6):1741-8. 7. Gurbet A, Basagan-Mogol E, Turker G, Ugun F, Kaya FN, Ozcan B. Intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine reduces perioperative analgesic requirements. Can J Anaesth. 2006 Jul;53(7):646-52. 8. Dyck JB, Shafer SL. Dexmedetomidine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Stanford University, School of Medicine, 2000;1:1-5. 9. Badner N, Trepanier C, Chen R et al - Perioperative use of dexmedetomidine improves patient analgesia and provides sedation without increasing side effects. Anesth Analg,1999;88:314S. 10. Thatiany Pereira Chaves, JosenÃlia Maria Alves Gomes, Francisco Elano Carvalho Pereira, Sara Lúcia Cavalcante, Ilse M. Tigre de Arruda Leitão, Hipólito Sousa Monte, Rodrigo Dornfeld Escalante. Hemodynamic and Metabolic Evaluation of Dexmedetomidine and Remifentanil Continuous Infusion in Videolaparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Comparative Study .Rev Bras Anestesiol 2003; 53: 4: 419 – 430.
A Rare Case of Calcified Non-Parasitic Splenic Abscess
S. Pani1, Harpriya Kar, Sujit Prasad, Lisha Suraj, Vishal Yadav, Gautam Agarwal, Anuraddha Koli, Reshma Bhoir
Primary splenic abscess is a relatively rare disease. Here we present a case of a 40 year old female who is a case of a calcified non-parasitic splenic abscess.
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Petrographic and Chemical studies of Tertiary Lignite of Ratnagiri Coast of Maharashtra, INDIA
R A Suryawanshi
Tertiary Lignite of western Maharashtra is trapped in basalt and laterite and at places between laterite. These deposits are 50mts above MSL and 500mts away from sea coast. Lignite of Ratnagiri are studied petrographicaly, chemically and with SEM studies for their genesis, depositional environment and quality. The microlithotypes of lignite are recognized on the basis of shape and nature of maceral. The properties of the coal are mainly dependent on the relative abundance and the degree of mixing of maceral. From the study it has been observed that huminite maceral is present in abundance (72 to 90%), followed by irrtertinite and exinite which is very rare to absent. Lignite of Jaigarh is close to peat with high ash, low carbon and calorific value, more mineral matter. While lignite of Golap-Pawas area have distinct maceral content, high carbon and sulphur, low ash and mineral matter with high calorific value. Pyrite nodules concentration indicate reduced environment of deposition. Present study indicates lignite is deposited in estuarine to marine environment.
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Spatial verification of SCS-CN and Φ-Index methods in correlation to land use/land cover and Soil characteristics
Varsha Mane, Y B Katpatal, K R Aher
Groundwater recharge planning in microwatersheds is based on realistic information on infiltration characteristics. The present paper focuses on identification of infiltration characteristics within Mini watersheds by estimating runoff parameters and Φ-index. For this, the landuse /land cover and hydrological soil groups of the study area have been generated in GIS environment. By using landuse and soil classes, curve number has been generated. In the process, the SCS- CN method has been used to estimate runoff depth, peak discharge, and potential maximum retention, time of concentration and time to peak discharge for individual ten micro-watershed of the study area. For computation of infiltration rate from rainfall runoff data, infiltration indices i.e. Φ -index has been used. The study reveals that the SCS-CN method can be significantly used to determine the runoff estimation with input of LU/LC from RS data in comparison to the rational method. The study also verifies the fact that the Φ-index is related to the landuse, especially vegetation intensity and soil type of the micro-watershed. Result shows that WGK-2, 1/10 micro-watershed having highest Φ–index (2.29 mm/day) value, lower runoff (711.3) and Curve number value (64.33), has 70% forest area and gravely sandy loam type of soil. WGK-2, 10/10 micro-watershed having lowest Φ–index (0.81 mm/day) has higher runoff (807.29 mm) and Curve number value (84.7).
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Musaoglu, N. and Hizal, A.,Prediction of Hydrological Model of Yuvacik Catchment by Using Remote Sensing and GIS Integration. 31 International Symposiums on Remote Sensing Of Environment, Proceedings, St Petersburg, Rusya; 2005. 7. Dewangan, K. N., Shrivastava, S. K., Khusre, B. C.,Infiltration Charectaristics and Modeling In Rani Awantibai Sagar Pariyojna of Madhya Pradesh. Indian Journal of Soil Conservation; 1999,27(2). Pp.112-117. 8. Fortin, J.P., Turcotte, R., Massicotte, S., Moussa, R., Fitzback, J., Villeneuve, J.P., Distributed watershed model compatible with remote sensing and GIS data, I. Description of model. J Hydrol Eng;2001a. 6:91–99 9. Fortin, J.P., Turcotte, R., Massicotte, S., Moussa, R., Fitzback, J., Villeneuve, J.P., Distributed watershed model compatible with remote sensing and GIS data, II. Application to Chaudiere watershed. J Hydrol Eng,2001b;6:100–108. 10. 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Lee, K.T., Generating design hydrographs by DEM assisted geomorphologic runoff simulation: A case study. J Am Water Resource Assoc,1988;34 (2):375–384. 15. LIU, Xianzha, and Jiazhu, L.I.,Application of SCS Model in Estimation of Runoff from Small Watershed in Loess Plateau of China. Chin. Geogra. Sci.,2008;18(3):235–241. 16. L´eonard, J., Andrieux, P., Infiltration characteristics of soils in Mediterranean vineyards in southern France. Catena, 1998; 32: 209–223. 17. Liu, G. C., Tian, G. L., Shu, D. C., Streamflow and soil moisture of agroforestry and grass watersheds in hilly area. Pedosphere, 2004;14(2): 263–268. 18. Mishra, S.K., Singh, V.P. and Sansaleve, J.J.,A modified SCS-CN method: characterization and testing. Water Resource Management,2003;17: 37–68. 19. Milena, C., Jiri, S. and Tomas, V.,Changes of Steady-State Infiltration Rates in Recurrent Ponding Infiltration Experiments. Journal of Hydrology,1988;104: 1-6. 20. Nagraj, M. K., Yaragal, S. C. and Rajashekhar, G.,Runoff estimation using GIS techniques. In Proceedings of Int. Conf. on Hydrology and Watershed management December 18-20, Jaipur, India, II:2002;503-509. 21. NBSS and LUP., Land Resource atlas Nagpur district, National Bureau of soil survey and land use planning,1994; Pub.22. 22. Ogrosky, H.O. and Mockus, V.,The Hydrology Guide. National Engineering Handbook, Section 4, Hydrology Supplement, A.G.C.A., USDA,1957. 23. Patil, J. P., Sarangi, A., Singh, O. P., Singh, A. K, and Ahmad, T.,Development of a GIS Interface for Estimation of Runoff from Watersheds. Water Resour Manage,2008; 22:1221–1239. 24. Patra, K.C,Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering.Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi,2002;178-191pp. 25. Pandey, A. and Sahu, A. K.,Estimation of runoff using remote sensing and geographic information system. In Proceedings of Int. Conf. on Hydrology and Watershed Management,2002;December 18-20, Jaipur, India, II: 503-509. 26. Ragan, R.M. and Jackson, J.J.,Runoff synthesis using Landsat and SCS model. J Hydraul Div ASCE.,1980;106 (HY5):667–78. 27. Rao, E.P., Rao, B.V.,Surface runoff modelling of a watershed with land use from remotely sensed data. Workshop on remote Sensing and GIS Applications in Water Resources Engineering, Central Board of Irrigation and Power, Bangalore, India,1997. 28. Saghafian, B., Lieshout, A.M.V., Rajaei, H.M.,Distributed catchment simulation using a raster GIS. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2000;2:199–203 29. Sarangi, A., Madramootoo, C. A., Enright, P., Prasher, S.O. and Patel, R.M. Performance evaluation of ANN and geomorphology-based models for runoff and sediment yield prediction for a Canadian watershed. Curr Sci,2005;89(12):2022–2033. 30. Sarangi, A., Bhattacharya, A. K., Singh, A.K. and Sambaiha, A.,Performance of Geomorphologic Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (GIUH) model for estimation of surface runoff. In: International conference on recent advances in water resources development and management, 23rd to 25th Nov 2005, IIT, Roorkee, Uttaranchal, India,2005; 569–581pp. 31. Shrestha, M.N.,Spatially distributed hydrological modeling considering land-use changes using remote sensing and GIS, Water Resources, Map Asia Conference 2003, Map Asia 2003;http://www.gisdevelopment.net 32. Slack, R.B. and Welch, R.,Soil conservation service runoff curve number estimates from Landsat data. Water Resource Bulle,1980;16:887–893. 33. Sumathi, I. and Padmakumari, O. Modelling Infiltration under Ponded and Simulated Rainfall Conditions. Indian Journal of Soil Conservation, 2000;28(2): 98-102. 34. Sumathi, I. and Padmakumari, O.,Effect of Rainfall Intensity and Antecedent Moisture of Infiltration Rate under Simulated Rainfall. Indian Journal of Soil Conservation,1999;27(2): 189-192. 35. Schultz, G.A.,Meso-scale modeling of runoff and water balances using remote sensing and other GIS data. Hydrol Sci J.,1994;39:121–142 36. Tiwari, K. N., Kannan, N., Singh, R. D. and Ghosh, S. K.,Watershed parameter extraction using GIS and Remote sensing for Hydrologic modeling. Asian –Pacific Remote Sensing and GIS Journal,1997;19(1): 43-52. 37. Viessman. W., Knapp, J. W., Lewis, G. L. and Harbough, T. E.,Introduction to A Hydrology, 2d ed., Harper and Row, New York, N.Y.1977. 38. Viessman, J.R.W., Lewis, G.L. and Knapp, J.W.,Introduction to Hydrology, 3rd edn. Harper and Row, Singapore,1989; 780 pp. 39. Vijay, R., Panchbhai, N. and Gupta, A.,Spatio-emporal analysis of groundwater recharge mound dyanamics in an unconfined aquifer: a GIS-based apporch. Hydrological processes Hydrol. Process, Wiley Interscience.,2007; 21(20), 2760 – 2764, 40. USDA- NRCS.,National Engineering Handbook, Hydrology Section 4,1972. 41. U.S Department of Agriculture,Urban hydrology for small watersheds. USDA, Engineering Division, Technical Release 55 (TR-55). US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1986; 164. 42. Yulin, Zhan, Changyao, Wang, Zheng Niu, Pifu Cong.,Remote Sensing and GIS in Runoff Coefficient Estimation in Binjiang Basin.2005;IEEE 0-7803-9050-4/05/$20.00. 43. Zade, M., Ray, S.S., Dutta, S., Panigrahy, S..,Analysis of runoff pattern for all major asins of India derived using remote sensing data. Curr Sci.,2005;88(8). Pp 1301–1305.
Evaluation of portal vein anatomy and variations in a south Indian population group on routine abdominal multi-detector computed tomography
Thomas B, Basti Ram S, Xavier Joseph V, Kumbar Vishwanath G
Introduction: The portal venous system is associated with a wide range of congenital variations and its preoperative detection is imperative for hepatobiliary surgical and percutaneous procedures. Aims: The purpose of this study is to study the normal anatomy and to determine the incidence of the types of variations and clinical implications of intrahepatic portal vein anatomy detected on routine MDCT multiphase scan of abdomen among Indian adults. Methods and Material: This is a retrospective study done on 200 patients who underwent MDCT of the abdomen, at our institution, for various indications. All scans were done using GE Bright speed 16 –slice MDCT, according to standard abdominal multiphase CT protocols. Main PV variations and right portal vein variations were investigated as 5 separate groups. All cases were assessed by a single radiologist, for the existence of, type, and number of PV variations. Results: In our study of 200 patients, with almost equal sex distribution (males 103/ 200 and females 97 /200), the standard portal venous anatomy was seen in 81.5% and the prevalence of portal vein variation was 18.5 %. Type 2 accounted for (23 /200) 11.5% and was the most common variant followed by type 3 (9 /200) 4.5%. The prevalence of right portal vein variations in our study was 2.5 percent. No significant association was seen between sex distribution and the presence of portal vein variations. Conclusions: Radiologist and surgeons need to be aware of portal vein variations, especially in cases pertaining to liver interventions. Our study shows a relatively smaller incidence of portal vein variation in the Indian study group compared to that of recent literature. However a study on a larger group is imperative to unravel the true extent of portal vein variations in the Indian population.
1. Schmidt S, Demartines N, Soler N, Schnyder P et al. Portal vein normal anatomy and variants: Implication for liver surgery and portal Vein embolization. Semin Intervent Radiol 2008; 25:86–91. 2. Covey A M, Lynn A, George B et al. Incidence, Patterns, and Clinical Relevance of Variant Portal Vein Anatomy. AJR 2004; 183: 1055-1064. 3. Kitami M, Takase K, Murakami G, et al. Types and frequencies of biliary tract variations associated with a major portal venous anomaly: analysis with multi-detector row CT cholangiography. Radiology 2006; 238(1):156–166. 4. Kamel IR, Kruskal JB. Living donor liver transplantation in adults: vascular variants important in surgical planning for donors and recipients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003; 181:109–114. 5. Calhoun PS, Kuszyk BS, Heath DG, Carley JC, Fishman EK. Three-dimensional volume rendering of spiral CT data: theory and method. Radiographics 1999; 19:745– 764. 6. Fishman EK. CT angiography: clinical applications in the abdomen. Radiographics 2001; 21:3–16. 7. Koc Z, Oğuzkurt L, Ulusan S. Portal vein variations: clinical implications and frequencies in routine abdominal Multidetector CT. Diagn Interv Radiol 2007; 13:75-80. 8. Walsh G, Williams MP. Congenital anomalies of the portal venous system: CT appearances with embryological considerations. Clin Radiol 1995; 50:174–176. 9. Özbülbül N I. Congenital and acquired abnormalities of the portal venous system: multidetector CT appearances. Diagn Interv Radiol 2011; 17:135–142. 10. Cheng YF, Huang TL, Chen CL, et al. Anatomic dissociation between the intrahepatic bile duct and portal vein: risk factors for left hepatectomy. World J Surg 1997; 21:297–300. 11. Carr JC, Nemcek AA Jr, Abecassis M, et al. Preoperative evaluation of the entire hepatic vasculature in living liver donors with the use of contrast-enhanced MR angiography and true fast imaging with steady-state precession. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2003; 14:441–449. 12. Atasoy C, Özyürek E. Prevalence and Types of Main and Right Portal Vein Branching Variations on MDCT. AJR 2006; 187:676–681.
factors of type 2 diabetes: a study among high risk adults in a tribal area of western Maharashtra
Kunde Pallavi B, Zade Dnyaneshwar C
Background: The recent World Health Organization report suggests that number of diabetic subjects in India is projected to increase to nearly 80 million by 2030. Behaviour change communication is one of the strategy to prevent type 2 diabetes. Objectives: To study the effect of Behaviour Change Communication on behavioural risk factors of type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This is an interventional study carried out during December 2010 to November 2012 in a field practice area under Rural Health Training Centre (RHTC) attached to the Department of Community Medicine of a tertiary care municipal hospital in Mumbai. Forty one tribal adults in 25 - 64 yrs age group having 3 or more risk factors for type 2 diabetes were included in this study. Data was collected at baseline and 12 months after behaviour change communication. Data was analyzed in SPSS Version 15.0 using Paired t test. Results: Thirty five participants completed the study. Significant reductions in both the tobacco and alcohol use occurred between baseline and 12 months after intervention. Improvement in fruit and vegetable intake was observed at 12 months but it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Behaviour Change Communication is effective strategy to reduce the behavioural risk factors of type 2 diabetes among high risk tribal adults.
1. Sicree R, Shaw J, Zimmet P. The Global Burden, Diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Atlas, International Diabetes Federation, fourth edition, International Diabetes Federation, Belgium. 2006. 2. Latest diabetes figures paint grim global picture. Press release on 19 Oct 2009, Montreal, Canada. Available from URL: http://www.idf.org/latest-diabetes-figures-paint-grim-global-picture 3. Balagopal P, Kamalamma N, Misra R. A Community-Based Diabetes Prevention and Management Education Program in a Rural Village in India. An article from Clinical care / Education / Nutrition / Psychosocial research: Diabetes Care 31:1097–1104, June 1, 2008. 4. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Report of a WHO consultation. Report No.: WHO/NCD/NCS/99.2. WHO.1999. 5. Primary prevention of diabetes. A manual by The WHO Collaborating Centre for Diabetes in India. Available from: URL: http://www.whoccdindia.com/PPD_booklet.pdf 6. NATIONAL FAMILY HEALTH SURVEY (NFHS-3) INDIA 2005-06.MAHARASHTRA. June 2008 7. Naing L, Winn T, Rusli BN. MEDICAL STATISTICS: Practical Issues in Calculating the Sample Size for Prevalence Studies. Archives of Orofacial Sciences 2006;1:9-14 8. The Asia Pacific perspective: redefining obesity and its treatment, Regional Office for the Western Pacific of the World Health Organization. World Health Organization, International Association for the Study of Obesity and International Obesity Task Force, Health Communications Australia Pty. Ltd., Sydney. 2000. 9. Reference Card From the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7). Available from : https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/hypertension/phycard.pdf 10. Misra A., Misra R., Wijesuriya M., Banerjee D. The metabolic syndrome in South Asians: Continuing escalation and possible solutions. Indian J Med Res March 2007; 125: 345-54. 11. Martha Mitchell Funnell. Peer-based behavioural strategies to improve chronic disease self-management and clinical outcomes: evidence, logistics, evaluation considerations and needs for future research. Family Practice 2010; 27: i17–i22. 12. Behavior change communication. Available from URL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavior_change_communication 13. Government of India. Office of the Economic adviser to the Government of India, Ministry of Commerce and industry. Available from: URL:http://eaindustry.nic.in/ 14. Agarwal AK. Social Classification: The Need to Update in the Present Scenario. Indian Journal of Community Medicine January 2008; 33(1):50-1 15. Pan XR, Li GW, Hu YH, Wang JX, Yang WY, An ZX et al. Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tol¬erance: the Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care 1997; 20: 537–44.
A study of assessment of dyslipidemia in hypertensive patients
Laxmikant Chavan, Abraha Hailu
Introduction: The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of interrelate risk factors of metabolic origin—metabolic risk factors that appear to directly promote the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The most widely recognized of the metabolic risk factors are atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and elevated plasma glucose. Aims and objectives: To assess the Dyslipidemia in hypertensive patients as per ATP-3 guidelines. Material and Method: In the present study two groups were formed (hypertensive and control group). Lipid profile of all the selected patients was done and compared. Results: 48% and 32% of hypertensive patients were having borderline high to high cholesterol level. 40% hypertensive subjects were having elevated serum triglyceride levels. 54% of patients belonging to control group had optimal LDL Cholesterol level.44% hypertensive were having VLDL >30. In control group only 6% were having VLDL >30. 92% hypertensive had levels more than 40 whereas in control group 38% had levels more than 40. Conclusion: thus we conclude that there is significant association of Hypertension and Dyslipidemia.
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Role of MRI in lumbar intervertebral disc prolapse - a clinico- radiologic correlation study
Ram Shenoy Basti, Rishi Philip Mathew, Abdunnisar M, Hadihally B Suresh
Objective: To describe degenerative changes involving intervertebral discs of lumbar spine in correlation with symptoms of the patients. Materials and Methods: Patients with clinically suspected lumbar intervertebral disc prolapse referred for MRI to the Radiology Dept. of our institution over a period of one year from Jan 2013 to Jan 2014 were included in the study. This retrospective analytical study included 100 patients who presented with low back and/or radiating leg pain and other symptoms suggestive of intervertebral disc prolapse. All the patients have undergone MRI on 1.5 T MRI (Philips Achieva 16 Ch.) scanner. The images were correlated with clinical symptoms and level of disc prolapse as well as neurological signs and symptoms. Statistical analysis included percentage frequency and chi square test. Results: 100 patients were included in the study with age ranging from 18 to 73. Disc bulge was most frequent finding seen in 74 patients (74%), disc herniation was seen in 25 patients (25%) and was commonest in patient with acute history of backache while disc bulge was common in patients with chronic symptoms. 77 patients (77%) had MR evidence of nerve or thecal compression. Nerve compression (P Value= 0.013) and disc herniation (P value= 0.004) were significantly associated with pain distal to the knees. Conclusion: Nerve compression or Disc herniation was strongly associated with distal leg pain. Nerve compressions were commonest in patients presenting with acute onset of backache. Disc bulge/ degeneration showed no significant association with specific pain patterns.
1. Frymoyer JW, Cats barial WL. An overview of inci-dence and cost of low back pain, Orthopaedic Clin N aM 1991; 22: 5-11. 2. Correlation of radiographic and MRI parameters to morphological and biochemical assessment of interver-tebral disc degeneration. Eur Spine J. 2005 Feb; 14 (1): 27-35. Epub 2004 Jun 2006. 3. Hyoda h,sato t,sasaki h,et al.Discogenic pain in acute non specific low back pain.eur spine j 2005; in press. 4. Leone A, Costantine AM, Guglalami G, Taneioni V, Moschini M. Degenerative disease of lumbo-sacral spi-ne : disc herniation and stenosis. Rays 2000; 25: 35-48. 5. Bartynski WS, Lin L. Lumbar root compression in the lateral recess: MR imaging conventional myelography, and CT myelography comparison with surgical confir-mation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2003 Mar: 24 (3): 348-60. 6. Guglielmi G, Dessication Serio A, Leone A, Agrosi L, Cammise M. Imaging in degenerative disease of lumbar spine. Rays 2000; 25: 19-33. 7. Jarvik JG, Hoelingworth W, Martin B. Rapid MRI ver-sus radiograph for patients with low back pain : a ran-domized controlied trial.JAMA 2003; 289: 2810-2818. 8. Mullan CP, Kelly BE. Magnetic resonance (MR) imag-ing of lumbar spine: use of a shortened protocol for ini-tial investigation of degenerative disease. Ulster Med J. 2005 May; 74 (1): 29-32. 9. Aithala P J, Rajagopal, Sharath R, Asha K: Correlation between clinical features and MRI findings in lumbar disc prolapse. Indian journal of Orthop 2010 Jul – Sep; 44 (3): 263-269. 10. 10. Heo DH, Lee MS, Sheen SH, Chao SM, Cho YJ, Oh SM: Simple oblique magnetic resonance imaging tech-nique and its diagnostic value for extraforaminal disc herniation.Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2009 Oct 15; 34 (22): 2419-23. 11. 11. Sucu HK, Gelal F : Lumbar disc herniation with contra-lateral symptoms. Eur Spine J. 2006 May; 15 (5): 575-6. 12. 12. Bruske – hohfield I, Merrite JL, Onofrio B M, Offord KB, Beard CM, et al. Incidance of Lumbar Disc Surgry, A Population based study in olmsted County. Spine 1990; 15: 31-35. 13. Ahmad M, Ahmad N, Raja IA. Lumbar inter-vertebral Disc Herniation: Age Distribution and Patterns of Herniation. Ann King Edward Med Coll Mar 1999: 5 (1): 85-7. 14. Cheung KM, Karppinen J, Chan D, Ho DW, Song YQ, Sham P et al. Prevelance and pattern of lumbar mag-netic resonance imaging changes in a population study of one thousands forty – three individuals. Spine 2009 20; 34: 934-40. 15. Siddique AH, Rafique MZ, Ahmad MN, Usman MU. Role of magnetic resonance imaging in lumbar spondy-losis. J Coll Physician Surg Pak. 2005; 15: 396-9.
Clinico-pathological study on role of frozen section in ovarian lesions at a tertiary care hospital in south India
Nisha J Marla, Athulya C, Hilda Fernandes, Jayaprakash C S
Background: Ovarian neoplasms are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in women. Frozen section (FS) is an integral component in the assessment of ovarian neoplasms at laparoscopy or laparotomy. This study was undertaken to study and correlate FS with permanent histopathological sections in ovarian lesions. Materials and Methods: Intra-operative FS performed for ovarian lesion was analyzed prospectively and retrospectively in 45 patients who underwent surgery at our institution from January 2009 to July 2013.This was compared with the final histopathologic diagnosis on permanent paraffin sections. Results: Among 45 cases of ovarian lesions, the final histopathological diagnosis showed 31 benign tumors, 5 borderline tumors and 9 malignant tumors. The FS diagnosis correlated with the final histopathology in 43 cases (95.5%) and was discordant in 2 cases (4.4%). The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of FS was 97.2%, 88.8%, 97.2% and 88.8% respectively. The sensitivity of FS diagnosis for benign, borderline and malignant lesions was 96.7%, 100% and 88.8%; respectively and the specificities were 92.8%, 100% and 97.2% respectively. Conclusion: Intraoperative FS has high accuracy in the diagnosis of suspected ovarian neoplasms. It is a valuable tool to guide the surgical management of these patients and should be routinely used in all major oncology centres.
1. Spencer LT, Bancroft JD. Microtomy: Paraffin and frozen. In: Bancroft JD, editor. Theory and practice of histological techniques. Chapter 7.6thed.Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. Philadelphia. 2008; 98 – 103. 2. Quinlivan JA, Petersen RW, Nicklin JL. Accuracy of frozen section for the operative management of endometrial cancer.Br J ObstetGynaecol.2001; 108:798-803. 3. Wasinghon P, Suthippintawong C, Tuipae S. The accuracy of intraoperative frozen sections in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors.J Med Assoc Thai.2008 ;91 (12) :1791-5. 4. Dey S, Misra V, Singh PA, Mishra S, Sharma N. Role of intraoperative imprint cytology in diagnosis of suspected ovarian neoplasms.Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev.2010 ; 11:1389-1391. 5. Maheshwari A, Gupta S, Kane S, Kulkarni Y, Goyal BK, Tongaonkar HB. Accuracy of intraoperative frozen section in the diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms: experience at a tertiary oncology center.World J Surg Oncol.2006; 4:12. 6. Khoddami M, Ghavam P. Diagnostic Accuracy of Frozen Section in Ovarian Tumors: A 12-Year Review. Iranian Journal of Pathology.2012;7 (2), 112 – 120. 7. Gorisek B, Stare MR, KrajncI. Accuracy of intra-operative frozen section analysis of ovarian tumours. J Intl Med Research. 2009; 37:1173-1178. 8. Hwang TS, Ham EK, Kim CW, Chi JG, Park SH. An evaluation of frozen section biopsy ic 4434 cases. J Korean Med Science. 1987 ; 2 (4) ;239-245. 9. Houck K, Najmosama N, Linda D, Yuchiao C et.al. Borderlinetumors of the ovary: Correlation of frozen section and permanent histopathologic diagnosis. Obstretrics and Gynecology. 2000; 95 (6): 839-843. 10. Stewart CJR, Brennan BA, Koay E, Naran A, Ruba S. Value of cytology in the intraoperative assessment of ovarian tumors – A review of 402 cases and comparison with frozen section diagnosis.Cancer cytopathol.2010; 118 :127-36. 11. Wang KG, Chen AC, Wang TY, Yang YC, Su TH. Accuracy of frozen section diagnosis in gynecology. Gynecologic oncology. 1998; 70:105-110. 12. Ghaemmaghami F, Behnamfer F, Ensani F. Intraoperative frozen sections for assessment of female cancers. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev. 2007; 8: 635-639. 13. Kim JH, Kim TJ, Park YG, Lee SH, lee CW, Song MJ et.al. Clinical analysis of intra-operative frozen section proven borderline tumors of the ovary. J GynecolOncol. 2009. 20 (3): 176-180.
Study of Intravenous Drug Analgesia for first stage labour pain relief: a descriptive study
Sanjaykumar B Pagare, Nimisha Pagare, Deshpande S S, Yelikar K A
Pain relief in labour is among the most common problem encountered by treating doctors. Various methods are being increasingly employed for pain relief during labour. Present study describes the effect of Intravenous Drug Analgesia in relief of first stage of labour pain. 100 cases of full term (37 to 42 weeks) singleton pregnancy with cephalic presentation in active phase of labour with cervical dilatation of ≥ 3cm but ≤ 5 cm were included in the study. VAS was used to assess the pain before administering labour analgesia and repeated at 1 hour, 2 hour, 4 hour and at full dilatation of cervix. Overall effect of labour analgesia in relief of pain was categorized as: Excellent, Good, Fair and Poor. Duration of labour was recorded from time of administration of labour analgesia to delivery of baby. Mode of delivery was also noted and categorized as Normal, Assisted- Ventouse/Forceps or Caesarean. Assessment of neonatal outcome was done using APGAR score in all babies at 1 minute and 5 minute. Side effects or complications were also noted. The results indicate that Intravenous Drug Analgesia is as an effective mode of management of labour pain.
1. Pandya ST. Labour analgesia: Recent advances. Indian J Anaesth 2010;54:400-8. 2. Chandnani K, Sainee HB. Pain relief in labour: tramadol versus pentazocine. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 2013;2:186-9. 3. Sanjaykumar B Pagare, Nimisha Pagare, Deshpande S S, Yelikar K A. Effect of paracervical block in relief of first stage labour pain: an observational study. MedPulse – International Medical Journal June 2014; 1(7): 328-330 4. Ullman R, Smith LA, Burns E, Mori R, Dowswell T. Parenteral opioids for maternal pain relief in labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD007396. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007396.pub2 5. Desai SV. The concept of optimizing Labour. FOGSI FOCUS. 2005. pp 1-2. 6. Jyoti MS, Chowdhary D. Programmed Labour. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India, 2006. Vol.56 (1): 53-55.
Assessing hand grip strength and screening of performance related upper limb injuries experienced by Indian musicians
Ajay Malshikare, Tushar Palekar, Parag Narayankar
The objective of this study were to assess Hand Grip Strength and screen for performance related upper limb injuries experienced by Guitar, Sitar, Keyboard, Harmonium, and Tabla players.100 Musicians from age group of 20-60 years participated in this survey. Every musician was given a questionnaire to fill as per their experience about performance related symptoms and problem faced in past or present in upper limb. After this, Hand grip strength (B/L) was measured in sitting position with elbow flexed in 900, shoulder adducted, forearm in mid prone position with wrist in neutral position and cuff of Modified Mercurial type Adult Sphygmomanometer inflated to 20 mmHg. Every participant musician was told to press the cuff as hard as possible for 3 times. Rest period of 5 minutes was given in-between every trail. The Mean score among 3 trails was recorded. The result showed, 66 Musicians out of 100 were having performance related symptom or problem experienced in upper limb. The information about musician`s hand grip strength, showed significant difference between the dominant and non-dominant hand grip strength (p = 0.034). Musicians participated in survey experienced symptoms like significant pain in musculoskeletal system, abnormal sensations in finger tips, weakness in muscles and loss of sensation in fingers. Assessment of grip strength is an essential evaluation method and it’s useful to keep normative data of hand grip strength for musicians and also for physiotherapist.
1. Susan L. Burke, James P. Higgins, Michael A. McClinton, Rebecca J. Saunders,LaurenValdata. Hand and Upper Extremity Rehabilitation: A Practical Guide. 3rded, Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2006. Chapter 54, Therapeutic Management of the Performing Artist, Lauren Valdata. pg 683-705. 2. Terri M. Skirven, A. Lee Osterman, Jane M. Fedorczyk, Peter C. Amadio. Rehabilitation of the Hand and Upper Extremity. 6thed, Philadelphia: Mosby; 2011. Chapter 142, Assessment and Treatment Principles for the Upper Extremities of Instrumental Musicians, Katherine Butler and Richard Norris, pg 1855- 1877 3. Katherine Butler, Preventing Injuries in Guitarist Part 1, Acoustic magazine, UK. 2011 March, [Cited 2012 Oct 5]; Page 90. 4. Katherine Butler, Preventing Injuries in Guitarist Part 2, Acoustic magazine, UK. 2011 April, [Cited 2012 Aug 12]; Page 84. 5. Parvatikar, V.B. and Mukkannavar, P.B. Comparative Study of Grip Strength in Different Positions of Shoulder and Elbow with Wrist in Neutral and Extension Positions. Journal of Exercise Science and Physiotherapy, [Internet] 2009 [Cited 2012 Sep 24] Vol. 5, No. 2: 67-75. Available from: medind.nic.in/jau/t09/i2/jaut09i2p67.pdf‎ 6. George F. Hamilton, Carolyn McDonald, Thomas C. Chenier. Measurement of Grip Strength: Validity and Reliability of the Sphygmomanometer and Jamar Grip Dynamometer. JOSPT. [Internet] 1992 [Cited 2012 Dec 19] Volume 16 Number 5: 215-219. Available from: www.jospt.org/doi/pdf/10.2519/jospt.1992.16.5.215 7. Alan H D Watson, What studying musicians tell us about motor control of the hand.Journal of Anatomy. [Internet] 2006 [Cited 2013 Dec 8] 208, 527-542. Available from : www.musicandhealth.co.uk/articles/WatsonReview06.pdf‎ 8. Gregory Mitsionis, Emilios E. Pakos, Kosmas S. Stafilas, NikolaosPaschos, Theodore Papakostas, and Alexandros E. Beris. Normative data on hand grip strength in a Greek adult population. IntOrthop. [Internet] 2009 [Cited 2013 Dec 13]; 33 (3): 713–717. Available from : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2903114/ 9. NitishBansal: Hand grip strength normative data for young adults. Indian journal Physiotherapy and occupational therapy; [Internet]. 2008 [Cited 2013 Dec 15] 2, (2): 4-6. Available from: http://www.indmedica.com/journals.php?journalid=10andissueid=127andarticleid=1692andaction=article 10. Abazar Teimoory, Mohammad Nasiri, Aslan Khodamoradi and Khadijeh Ebrahimi. The Effects of Aging on Hand Grip Strength in the Adult Iranian Population. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences [Internet] 2011[Cited 2012 Sep 26] 5(12): 970-973. Available from: www.ajbasweb.com/ajbas/2011/December-2011/970-973.pdf‎. 11. Katherine Butler, Preventing Injuries in Guitarist Part 3, Acoustic magazine. [Internet] 2011, [cited 2012 Oct 5] Page 18-22 . Available From: www.londonhandtherapy.co.uk/ publications. 12. Tamara Mitchell. A Painful Melody Prevention and Treatment of Musicians’ Injuries. [Internet] 2007 [updated 2007 Sep 12 ; cited 2013 Dec 8]. Available from: www.working-well.org/article/pdf/musicians.pdf.‎
Evaluation of anatomical variations in aortic arch branching pattern in south Indian population using computed tomography
Ram Shenoy Basti, Sanjay Kumar
Background and Purpose: Anatomical variations can occur in the aortic arch branching pattern and the frequency of various types vary in different population groups. These are likely due to alterations in the development of aortic arch arteries during embryonic period. These variations are significant for diagnostic and surgical procedures in head and neck. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of the aortic arch branch variations on CT in the local population and thus provide useful data to intervention radiologists, vascular, head and neck and thoracic surgeons. Materials and Methods: CT scans of the chest of a total of 306 patients performed in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively and assessed for the origin of the major aortic branches. Axial images are primarily used for assessment. Thereafter necessary reformatted multiplanar and curved reformatted images, MIP, VR images were used to assign each patient is assigned into a particular type of the branch variation. Results: The most common aortic arch branching pattern - type 1 was found in 274 of 306 cases (89.5%). In this pattern three major branches - Brachiocephalic trunk (BT), Left common carotid (LCC) and Left subclavian (LS) originated independently from the arch of aorta. Second commonest branching pattern was type 2 which was found in 16 of 306 cases (5.2%). This pattern had only two branches - The first was a common trunk designated as great trunk (GT) which gave the brachiocephalic trunk and left common carotid artery. The other was the left subclavian artery. Third common branching pattern was type 3 which was seen in 14 of 306 cases (4.6%), which had four branches: Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery and left vertebral artery (LV). Two rare variants were found, 1 case each (0.3%). One had four branches: right common carotid, left common carotid, left subclavian and aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSC). This has been called the type 4 variant. The other had three branches: great trunk, left vertebral artery and left subclavian artery ( type 6 variant).
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Perimenopausal bleeding: evaluation of various treatment modalities
Sanjay Bansode, Vinit Dhadke
Introduction: Perimenopause is defined as, the years prior to menopause that encompasses the change from normal ovulatory cycles to cessation of menses, marked by irregularity of menstrual cycles. Management consists of a stepwise evaluation of all possible organic causes of uterine bleeding. A patient's degree of menorrhagia, associated pain, desire for pregnancy, concurrent medical conditions, treatment side effects and her physician's comfort level should be taken into account when deciding on management. Aims and objectives: to study the various treatment modalities used to treat perimenopausal bleeding. Materials and method: Women attending gynecology department with perimenopausal bleeding were enrolled in the study. Detail history, clinical finding were recorded. Treatment was decided using standard criteria. And the outcome was measured. Results: Maximum 66 i.e. 82.5% cases had dysfunctional uterine bleeding followed by fibroid. Majority of the cases (13.75%) had hypertension as associated disorder. 42 cases received Norethisterone acetate which cured 35 i.e. 83.33% cases, while 14 cases received Tranexamic acid which cured 12 i.e. 85.71% cases. In 12 cases dilatation and curettage was performed which cured 9 i.e. 75% cases, while in 12 cases hysterectomy was done which cured all the cases. 16.25% women required blood transfusion to correct the anemia. Conclusion: In medical management low cost tranexamic acid (85.75%) is almost as effective as high cost hormone therapy, norethisterone acetate (83.33%).Low cost minor surgical procedures like dilatation and curettage is effective in 75% cases while high cost major surgery like hysterectomy is effective in all the cases as it removes the causative organ.
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Preparation, characterization and luminescent properties of LiBO2:Tb3+ green emitting phosphor for solid state lighting
V R Panse, N S Kokode, S J Dhoble
Introduction: In our work we report the preparation, characterization and luminescence mechanism of Tb3+ activated LiBO2 green emitting phosphor for solids state lighting. Tb3+ has been extensively used as green-emitting activator for luminescent phosphor materials; the excitation and emission spectra indicate that the prepared lithium borate based phosphor can be effectively excited by 353 nm, to showing a bright green emission at 545 nm corresponding to the f→f transition of Tb3+ ions. All the characteristics indicated that LiBO2:Tb3+ is an excellent phosphor for solid state lighting.
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Phenotypic characterization of coagulase negative staphylococci from various clinical isolates
Mamta Gour, Kalpana Date, V. R. Thombare, K. K. Gour
Background: Despite their frequency as contaminants, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) have become important nosocomial pathogens, accounting for 9% of all nosocomial infections. These infections are difficult to treat because of the risk factors and the multiple drug resistance shown by these organisms. Material and Methods: One hundred and forty CNS were isolated from various clinical samples like blood, pus, urine body fluids, urine, catheter tip, gastric lavage and wound swab. After confirming the isolates as CNS, species level identification was performed by simple, nonexpensive conventional methods and antibiotic sensitivity testing was also carried out. Result: 140 isolates could be identified to species level. Among these 140 identified CNS isolates, S. saprophyticus was the most frequently isolated 58 (41.43%) from various clinical sample, followed by S. epidermidis 45 (32.14%), S. lugdunensis 23 (16.43%), S. hemolyticus 11 (7.86%), S. schleiferi 3 (2.14%). In the present study, the susceptibility pattern of CNS species against antimicrobial agents showed that 65.71 % of the isolates were Methicillin Sensitive (MSCNS). Majority of the CNS species were sensitive to Amikacin, (94.29%), Nitrofurantoin (85.71%), Tetracycline (75.71%), and clindamycin (75%). None of the CNS species showed resistance to vancomycin and Linezolid. Conclusion: The increased pathogenic potential and multiple-drug resistance demonstrates the need to adopt simple, reliable and non-expensive methods for identifying and determining the antibiotic sensitivity of CNS.
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