Introduction: Wolff’s law states that, “Every change in the form and function of bone or of their function alone is followed by certain definite changes in their internal architecture, and equally definite alteration in their external conformation, in accordance with mathematical laws.†Based on cephalometric values the dentofacial growth pattern has been divided into three namely, average, vertical and horizontal. Aims and Objectives: To assess the thickness of temporalis muscle in orthodontic patients with various growth pattern using ultrasound imaging system. Materials and Method: The study consisted of 75 subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment in the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University. All the subjects were divided in three groups (viz. average, vertical and horizontal growth group) containing 25 patients each. Utrasonagraphy was used to calculate the thickness of temporalis muscle. The thickness was measured in relaxed and contracted state on both sides. Results: It was observe that the thickness of temporalis was more in average growth group in relaxed and contracted state but the difference was not statistically significant. The thickness of temporalis muscle in contracted and relaxed state was more in horizontal growth group but the difference was not statistically significant.The thickness of temporalis muscle in contracted and relaxed state was more in horizontal growth group as compared to vertical group and the difference was also statistically significant.Conclusion: The thickness of the temporalis muscle was greatest in horizontal growth pattern, followed by average growth pattern and vertical growth pattern.
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Adult type ureterocele in lower moiety of duplicated draining system- case report
S R Kulkarni, Ashar Shaikh, Ronak Chaudhari, Sandeep Gupta, Tejas Chincholi, Kishor Bandagar
Ureterocele is dilatation of lower ureter at its entry into urinary bladder. It is classified as single or duplex system and acquired or congenital. Acquired type is commonly seen in adults.Duplicated ureters are often associated with an obstructed upper pole moiety and a refluxing lower pole moiety. In our case report adult type simple ureterocele is presented in lower moiety of duplex system with impacted calculus. Because of rarity of the presentation and diagnosis of the condition, urologist needs to be aware of etiology and appearance. Treatment options depend on the extension of the ureterocele, obstruction to draining system.
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Electrophysiological study of changes in retinal function following pan retinal photocoagulation in patients with diabetic retinopathy
Purpose:To Quantify the loss of Retinal Function due to Pan Retinal Photocoagulation in Diabetic Retinopathy patients using Full Field Electroretinography.Methods: This was a prospective observational study of 53 patients (105 eyes) with Diabetic Retinopathy selected for Pan Retinal Pan Retinal Photocoagulation (PRP) in a tertiary eye care centre. In all these patients Full Field ERG were done prior to PRP and then at 1 month and 3 months after PRP. The mean amplitudes and implicit times for different wave parameters at each visit (pre laser, 1 month and 3 months) were calculated. The values were paired as pre and 1 month, Pre and 3 month and 1month and 3 month and the mean differences of the pairs were calculated. Paired t test was used to calculate the significance of the variations. Results:It was found that the PRP produced a global loss of retinal function which was variable and was reflected in the statistically significant reduction in amplitudes of the Full field ERG waves. The average loss of amplitudeat 3 months was 27.2% for “A†waves and 14.4% for “B†waves. The changes to the implicit time were not of much significance. As far as the visual results are concerned, Stabilisation (defined as no change in vision or a loss of vision less than 2 lines) or improvement of visual acuity could be achieved in 95% of the eyes. Conclusions:The amplitudes of the different waves of the Full Field ERGs can be used effectively in order to quantify the loss in Global Retinal function as a result of PRP. The implicit times however did not prove to be a reliable parameter to measure the change in retinal function.
Background: Nalbuphine, kappa agonist/partial mu antagonist and potent analgesic is less explored for analgesia. Aims and Objectives: To compare intrathecal addition of Nalbuphine verses Fentanyl to local anaesthetic on quality and duration of analgesia. Material and Methods: This study compared the effects of intrathecally administered, preservative-free Fentanyl and Nalbuphine in combination with bupivacaine and plain Bupivacaine in 60, ASA I or II patients of either sex who underwent lower limb surgeries with spinal anesthesia. Patients were divided into three groups (n=60). Fentanyl group (Group I) received 2.5 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine with 25mcg of fentanyl, Nalbuphine group (Group II) received 2.5 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine along with 500mcg of Nalbuphine, Control group (Group III) received 2.5ml of 0.5% bupivacaine along with 0.5 ml of CSF, Group I and II are study groups. Results: There is prolongation of sensory block in fentanyl and nalbuphine group as compared to control group, but there is more prolongation of sensory block duration in nalbuphine group than fentanyl group. Addition of fentanyl or nalbuphine to intrathecal bupivacaine does not prolong the motor block. The perioperative sedation was present in only nalbuphine group but all the patients were arousable and it was not associated with respiratory depression. Request for postoperative pain relief was significantly present in control group. Sedation was noticed in the Nalbuphine treated group only. Conclusions: Intrathecal Nalbuphine-Bupivacaine combination is better than Fentanyl-Bupivacaine combination in respect to the duration of sensory block. There was more sedation in nalbuphine treated group. Both Fentanyl and Nalbuphine reduced the analgesic requirement in the early postoperative period
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3. Singh H, Yang J, Thornton K, Giesecke AH. Intrathecal fentanyl prolongs sensory bupivacaine spinal block.Can J Anaesth 1995; 42(11): 987-91.
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6. Xavier Culebras, MD*, Giovanni Gaggero, MD†, Jiri Zatloukal, MD†, Christian Kern, MD*, and Rene´-Andre´as Marti, MD Advantages of Intrathecal Nalbuphine, Compared with Intrathecal Morphine, After Cesarean Delivery: An Evaluation of Postoperative Analgesia and Adverse Effects. Anaesthesia-Analgesia 2000, 91:601-5.
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13. Singh H, Yang J, Thornton K, Giesecke AH. Intrathecal fentanyl prolongs sensory bupivacaine spinal block.Can J Anaesth 1995; 42(11): 987-91.
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19. Eveline Faure, MD, Bernard Wittels, MD, PhD, Jerome Klafta, MD, Alicia Toledano, ScD, Michelle Freind, DO, Atef Moawad, MD. Intrathecal fentanyl with nalbuphine for labour analgesia Br J Anaesth 1982; 54:479-86.
20. Wang C, Chakrabarti MK, Whitwam JG. Specific enhancement by fentanyl of the effects of intrathecal bupivacaine on nociceptive afferent but not on sympathetic efferent pathways in dogs. Anesthesiology 1993; 79: 766-73.
21. H. Singh, J. Yang, K. Thornton et al, “Intrathecal fentanyl prolongs sensory bupivacaine spinal blockâ€, Can J Anesth Page 42: 11: 987.
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24. Benoit Lefevre, DDS, PhD,* Marc Freysz, MD, PhD,t Jean Lepine, MD,tJean-Marc Royer, MD,t Daniel Perrin, DDS,* and Gabriel Malka, MD* .Comparison of Nalbuphine and Fentyl as Intravenous Analgesics for Medicaily Compromised Patients Undergoing Oral Surgery( in ASA 3 and 4). Anesth Prog 39:13-18 1992.
Hepatotropic effects of acute heavy metal poisoning in rats
Introduction: Increasing technologic use of metals has posed hazards to health of humans as well as animals. Excessive concentration of metals occurs in water, air and soil as results of natural deposits as well as technologic use of non biodegradable materials. Further metals released into the environment may be biocentrated and thus enter the food chain. In Industrial Toxicology, Occupational exposure to Lead, Cadmium fume, Chromic acid and Chromates is significant.
Aims and Objectives: To study the Hepototropic effects of acute heavy metal poisoning in rats Materials and Methods: In the present study 24 rats were divided in four groups (Cadmium group, Chromium, Lead and Control group) containing 6 rats each. The rats were exposed to respective heavy metal salt by two daily injections. The acute doses have been chosen based on previous studies in literature. On the third day the entire animals were weighed and sodium pentobarbitone 30 mg/kg body weight was administrated intraperitoneally. The time off administration of drug, the time of loss of righting reflex and the recovery of the animals were noted. 1ml blood sample was withdrawn by retroorbital puncture from all the animals for the blood assay. Results: Onset of sleeping time and duration of sleeping was increased in all the group but the difference was not statistically significant. The difference in SGOT levels of control and lead group was statistically insignificant. The SGPT levels were increased with statistically significant difference in cadmium group as compared to control group. The rise in alkaline phosphatase was statistically significant in cadmium and lead group when compared with control group. Serum proteins were also increased with statistical significance in cadmium and lead group. Conclusion: It may be stated that acute heavy metal exposure is associated with some changes in enzymic activity of liver and significant decrease in serum proteins.
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Optical, lower microwave and radio frequency response of binary mixtures of organic liquids - A dielectric approach
Background:Each material displays an unique complex permittivity spectra in the radio/ microwave frequency domain because of their different structures and varying dynamic responses to an external electromagnetic field. These spectra usually include one or more dispersions. A dielectric dispersion is mainly characterized by two parameters, dielectric decrement (ε0 – ε) and relaxation time (ï´0). Complex permittivity of various concentrations 1-Propanol (1-PrOH) and its mixtures with N,N Dimethylformamide (DMF) were obtained in the radio and lower microwave frequency range using Vector network analyzer (VNA). Furthermore to have more insight the dielectric constant (ε’) and dielectric loss (εâ€) of these samples were also determined using standard X-band microwave test bench operated at 9.1 GHz. Optical dielectric constant (ε= n2) of these liquids samples were measured using Abbe’s refractometer. These data points of different frequencies were fitted into Debye model to evaluate dielectric parameters like, a relaxation time (ï´0), static dielectric constant (ε0). Excess of static dielectric constant (ε0)E and excess inverse relaxation time (1/ï´0)E are determined and fitted with Redlich-Kister polynomial equation to derive the binary coefficients and standard deviations. Kirkwood correlation factor (g) and Bruggeman factor (fB) were also evaluated for this system. These parameters were used to interpret the molecular interaction between the molecular species of the liquid mixtures.
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Evaluation of relation betweendysmenorrheaandbody mass index in rural adolescents girlsandits impact on quality oflife
Shashikant G Somani, Sonali Rathi Somani, Vrunda Choudhary, P Sudhir Babu, A Vijay Laxmi
Objective: To evaluaterelationbetweendysmenorrheaandbody mass indexandits impacton health-related quality of life
(HRQoL). Method: Study wasconducted in rural areaatKamineniInstituteofMedical Sciences, Narketpally. Thorough menstrual history was taken from 100adolescentpatientswith dysmenorrhea.Severityof dysmenorrhea wasdetected byverbal multi-dimensional scoring. Body mass index was calculated. Their absenteeism from school or class were assessed. SF-36 scalewas used to determinate HRQoL.Results: In present study, 38%, 44%and 18% patients weresuffering from mild, moderate and severe dysmenorrhea. Majority of girls (51%) were severly underweight having BMI <16.5kg/m2, 26 % underweight. This indicatespoor nutritional status of Indian adolescent girls, in rural setup. Majority ofgirls with moderate and severe dysmenorrhea had BMI <16.5Kg/m2which wassignificant (p <0.05). 30% patientshad symptomssevere enough to be absent from schooland31%from classes. 18% patientsreported social withdrawal. Scores received from many of SF-36 domains (physical functioning, role–physical, bodily pain, general health perception, vitality and social functioning) were significantly low. Also, withincreasing severity of dysmenorrhea, scores were decreasing in these domains. Conclusion:Dysmenorrhea is important publichealth problem.Ithasnegative effects on day today activities and health-related quality of life.Thereis a positive correlation between dysmenorrheaandlow BMI. Present study was conducted forbetterment of society for creating awareness ofdiet and health educationto assist in improvingquality of life.
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Mucopolysaccharidosis type I-Hurler’s syndrome
A M Deodhar, Vedprakash Biradar, Rushikesh M Patwardhan, Parikshit Mule, Pallavi Rawal, Rajeshri Ekale
Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) is a rare inherited disorder that belongs to a group of clinically progressive disorders and is caused by the deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme, α1 -iduronidase. MPS I has been recently classified into a severe (Hurler syndrome) and an attenuated type (Hurler-Scheie and Scheie syndromes).
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Dynamic temporalis muscle transfer revisited – aTechnique for correction of lagopthalmos in leprosy patients
Background: Leprosy is the most common cause of facial paralysis in India. Lagophthalmos is its most common manifestation. The temporalis muscle transfer ensured a good functional eyelid closure thus preventing corneal exposure and progression to impairment of visual acquity. Patients and Methods: 20 patients of leprosy who presented with lagophthalmos were included in the study. All cases underwent dynamic temporalis myofascial sling transfer for correction of lagophthalmos.Change in appearance of the eye and function of the eyelids was assessed post operatively. Results: All cases underwent dynamic temporalis myofascial sling transfer for correction of lagophthalmos. Temporalis Muscle transfer for bilateral cases were done in the same sitting. Anderson’s modification of Gillies procedure was done in 13 cases and Johnson’s operation was done in 7 cases. Mean lid gap reduced to 9.09 mm in straight gaze, 1.59 mm in gentle closure and 0.5 mm in tight closure. Conclusion: The temporalis muscle transfer ensured a good functional eyelid closure thus preventing corneal exposure and progression to impairment of visual acquity.
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Clinical profile and outcome of organophosphate poisoning cases in a tertiary care hospital in central Kerala
Edwin J George, Jayaraj K, John J Manjaly, Raghunath M
Background and objective: DSH is a major problem in the developing world. Poisoning is one of the most common methods employed for the act of DSH. As far Asia is concerned, the wide availability and lack of rules and regulations for the sale of agrochemical pesticides resulted in widespread use of organophosphate as one of the most common poison used for DSH. The delay in attaining medical care and the lack of facilities in the rural areas have resulted in increased number of death due to OP poisoning. In this study, we aim to find out the clinical profile with respect to different OP compounds, prognosis and outcome o
f each patient in relation to the delay in getting medical attention. Our objective is to find out if there is any specific clinical finding which can predict bad outcome. Methods: 50 patients admitted to this hospital were enrolled into the study. After getting informed consent, detailed clinical examination was carried out. The incidence of complications and other measures of outcome were compared with respect to the clinical profile. Results: 33 males and 17 females were studied. 74% of the patients survived following poisoning while 26% expired. Chlorpyriphos was the compound consumed by most of the patients, followed by quinalphos. 50% death is due to chlorpyriphos poisoning. The most common symptom was vomiting followed by frothing. 12% patients had history of psychiatric illness. Crackleswas the most common clinical sign which was seen in 66% of the study population Interpretation and conclusion: From this study it is revealed that more the delay in getting medical care, higher the mortality is. Also altered sensorium, especially drowsiness may point towards grave prognosis. Majority of the patients who required mechanical ventilation had gross lung crackles at the time of presentation. The incidence of intermediate syndrome seemed to be a very important factor in the survival of the patient. In this study, all patients who developed IMS expired. Lung crackles, drowsiness and ventilator assistance were all high in the chlorpyriphos group when compared to other OP compounds.
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International Journal of Recent Trends in Science And Technology, ISSN 2277-2812 E-ISSN 2249-8109, Volume 11, Issue 4, 2021 Page 12
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Zinc oxide nano thin film for solar cell device applications
Background: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin film was deposited using simple low cost spray pyrolysis technique. The deposited film was characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. XRD Spectra revealed that ZnO film represents polycrystalline wurzite crystal structure. Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) was estimated using Lorentz Fit of XRD data. The crystallite size calculated was to be 26.31 nm. The SEM image of ZnO thin film shows whole surface was uniformly coated with spherical ZnO grains of average size 111.55 nm. Purity of the deposited sample was investigated by using Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX). The deposited ZnO film shows 78% transmittance. The optical band gap estimated by Tauc plot was 3.76eV.
1. J.B. Baxter and E.S. Aydil, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Semiconductor Morphologies with ZnO Nano- wires, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 90(5) (2006) 607-622.
2. S. T. Shishiyanu, T.S. Shishiyanu and O.I. Lupan, Sensing Characteristics of Tin-Doped ZnO Thin Films as NO2 Gas Sensor, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 107 (2005) 379-386.
3. J.M. Szarko, J.K. Song, C.W. Lackledge, I. Swart, S.R. Leone, S. Li, Optical Injection Probing of Sin-gle ZnO Tetrapod Lasers, Chemical Physics Letters. 404(1-3) (2005) 171-176.
4. T. Ootsuka, Z. Liu, M. Osamura, Y. Fukuzawa, R. Kuroda, Y. Suzuki, Studies on Aluminum-Doped ZnO Films for Transparent Electrode and Antireflection Coating of β-FeSi2 Optoelectronic Devices, Thin Solid Films. 476(1) (2005) 30-34.
5. X. Yu, J. Ma, F. Ji, Y. Wang, X. Zhang and H. Ma, In- fluence of Annealing on the Properties of ZnO: Ga Films Prepared by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering, Thin Solid Films. 483 (1-2) (2005) 296-300.
6. S. Rajathi, N. Shankarasubramaniam, K. Ramanathan, M. Senthamizhselvi, Structural and Optica electronic Properties of Pyralyticall Spraed CdZnS Thin Films, Chalcogenide Letters, 9(12) (2012) 495-500.
7. S.J. Lim, S. Kwon, H. Kim, ZnO thin films prepared by atomic layer deposition and rf sputtering as an active layer for thin film transistor, Thin Solid Films. 516 (2008) 1523–1528.
8. T. Maruyama, J. Shionoya, Zinc oxide thin films prepared by chemical vapour deposition from zinc acetate, Journal of Material Science Letter. 11 (1992) 170–172.
9. Goktas, F. Aslan, I. H. Mutlu, Effect of preparation technique on the selected characteristics of Zn1-xCoxO nanocrystalline thin films deposited by sol–gel and magnetron sputtering, Journal of Alloys Compounds. 615 (2014) 765–778.
10. L. Zhao, J. Lian, Y. Liu, Q. Jiang, Structural and optical properties of ZnO thin film deposited on quartz glass by pulsed laser deposition, Applied Surface Science. 252 (2006) 8451–8455.
11. J. Zou, S. Zhou, C. Xia, Y. Hang, J. Xu, S. Gu, Structural Optical and Electrical roperties of ZnO Films Grown on c-Plane Sapphire and (1 0 0) γ-LiAlO2 by Pulse Laser Deposition, Journal Crystal Growth. 280(1-2) (2005) 185-190.
12. R. Ayouchi, D. Leinen, F. MartÃn, M. Gabas, E. Dalchiele, J.R. Ramos-Barrado, Preparation and characterization of transparent ZnO thin films obtained by spray pyrolysis, Thin Solid Films. 426 (2003) 68–77.
13. Serdar, T. Guven, Y. Mehmet, E. Mehmet, Fabrication of Nanorods by Simplified Spray pyrolysis, Journal of Science and technology. 1 (2004) 1-3.
14. K. Ravichandran, P. philominathan, Investigations on microstructural and optical properties of CdS films fabricated by a low-cost simplified spray technique using perfume atomizer for solar cell applications, Solar Energy. 82 (2008) 1062-1066,
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London,
Comparative prospective study of outcome between aggressive and expectant management of premature rupture of membranes
Shivamurty H M, N Spandana, Y Anusha Sunkara, Ahswini Konin, V Sridivya Chowdary
Background: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is the loss of integrity of membranes before onset of labor.
PROM occurs in approximately 5–10 % of all pregnancies.and is a significant obstetric problem and is important cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity. When PROM occurs at term, labor typically ensues spontaneously or is induced within 12 to 24 hoursObjectives: To compare the expectant and aggressive management and its neonatal and maternal outcomes.Material and Methods:This is a prospective study carried out in the Obstetric and Gynecology Department of J.J.M Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka.Results: There were 573 cases of PROM giving incidence of 8.15%. The incidence was found to be higher in case of rural, young, primigravida. Out of thesePROM cases 81.5%were managed aggressively (group A),18.4%were managed expectantly (group B). Mode of delivery was as follows.Group A (Expectant management) Vaginal delivery in 70.75%, LSCS in 29.25 %.Group B (Aggressive management)Vaginal delivery 83.7% LSCS 27%. Perinatal mortality, Group A 7.54 %, Group B1.28%. Perinatal morbidity, Group A 7.54 % group B 4.49%. Maternal morbidity, Group A was 18.86% Group B 1.07%,Matrenal mortality Group A 0.94% one, Group B was zeroConclusion: Aggressive management by induction of labor within 12 hours in PROM reduced the time of delivery and the rates of chorioamnionitis, endometritis, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. A proposed plan of "Aggressive management" is the final answer to decrease maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Larranaga-Azcarate C, Campo-Molina G, Perez-
Rodrı´guez AF et al. Dinoprostone vaginal slow release system compared to expectant management in the active treatment of premature rupture of the membranes at term: impact on maternal and fetal outcome.Acta obstetrica. 2008; 87:195–200.
Duff P. Premature rupture of membranes in term patients: induction of labor versus expectant management. Clin ObstetGynecol. 1998; 41:883–91.
Ozden S, Delikara MN, Avci A et al. Intravaginal misoprostol vs expectant management in premature rupture of membranes with low bishop scores at term. Int. J. gynaecol obstet. 2002; 77:109–15.
Hoffmann RA, Anthony J, Fawcus S. Oral misoprostol vs. placebo in the management of prelabor rupture of membranes at term: Int. J. of gynec obstet. 2001; 72:215– 21.
Ayaz A, Saeed S, Farooq MU et al. Pre-labor rupture of membranes at term in patients with an unfavorable cervix: active versus conservative management. Taiwan. J. obstet gynecol. 2008; 47:192–6.
Shah KrupaDoshi Haresh et al. Premature Rupture of Membrane at Term: Early Induction Versus Expectant ManagementThe Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India (March–April 2012) 62(2):172–175
Akyol D, Mungan T, Unsal A et al. Prelabour rupture of membranes at term: no advantage of delaying induction for 24 hours. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;39:291–5
Issue details
Assessment of thickness of the temporalis muscle in orthodontic patients with various growth pattern using ultrasound imaging system
Joe Joseph, Gokulakrishnan Periakaruppan, Arun B Chitharanjan, P M Venkata Sai
Introduction: Wolff’s law states that, “Every change in the form and function of bone or of their function alone is followed by certain definite changes in their internal architecture, and equally definite alteration in their external conformation, in accordance with mathematical laws.†Based on cephalometric values the dentofacial growth pattern has been divided into three namely, average, vertical and horizontal. Aims and Objectives: To assess the thickness of temporalis muscle in orthodontic patients with various growth pattern using ultrasound imaging system. Materials and Method: The study consisted of 75 subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment in the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University. All the subjects were divided in three groups (viz. average, vertical and horizontal growth group) containing 25 patients each. Utrasonagraphy was used to calculate the thickness of temporalis muscle. The thickness was measured in relaxed and contracted state on both sides. Results: It was observe that the thickness of temporalis was more in average growth group in relaxed and contracted state but the difference was not statistically significant. The thickness of temporalis muscle in contracted and relaxed state was more in horizontal growth group but the difference was not statistically significant.The thickness of temporalis muscle in contracted and relaxed state was more in horizontal growth group as compared to vertical group and the difference was also statistically significant.Conclusion: The thickness of the temporalis muscle was greatest in horizontal growth pattern, followed by average growth pattern and vertical growth pattern.
1. Frost HM. Wolff’s law and bone’s structural adaptations to mechanical usage: an overview for clinicians. Angle Orthod 1994; 64(3):175-188. 2. Şatiroğlu F, Arun T, Işik F. Comparative data on facial morphology and muscle thickness using ultrasonography. Eur J Orthod 2005; 27:562-567. 3. Benington PCM, Gardener JE, Hunt NP. Masseter muscle volume measured using ultrasonography and its relationship with facial morphology. Eur J Orthod 1999; 21:659-670. 4. Kubota M, Nakano H, Sanjo I, Satoh K, Sanjo T, Kamegai T, Ishikawa F. Maxillofacial morphology and masseter muscle thickness in adults. Eur J Orthod 1998; 20:535-542. 5. Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck, Fehrenbach and Herring, Elsevier, 2012, page 98 6. Castelo PM, Gavião MBD, Pereira LJ, Bonjardim LR. Masticatory muscle thickness, bite force, and occlusal contacts in young children with unilateral posterior crossbite. Eur J Orthod 2007; 29:149-156. 7. Raadsheer MC, Kiliaridis S, van Eijden TMGJ, van Ginkel FC, Prahl-Andersen B. Masseter muscle thickness in growing individuals and its relation to facial morphology. Archs oral Biol. 1996; 41(4):323-332. 8. Esformes JI, Narici MV, Maganaris CN. Measurement of human muscle volume using ultrasonography. Eur J Appl Physiol 2002; 87:90-92. 9. Bertram S, Brandlmaier I, Rudisch A, Bodner G, Emshoff R. Cross-sectional characteristics of the masseter muscle: an ultrasonographic study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003; 32:64-68. 10. Kiliaridis S, Kalebo P. Masster muscle thickness measured by ultrasonography and its relation to facial morphology. J Dent Res 1991; 70(9):1262-1265.
Adult type ureterocele in lower moiety of duplicated draining system- case report
S R Kulkarni, Ashar Shaikh, Ronak Chaudhari, Sandeep Gupta, Tejas Chincholi, Kishor Bandagar
Ureterocele is dilatation of lower ureter at its entry into urinary bladder. It is classified as single or duplex system and acquired or congenital. Acquired type is commonly seen in adults.Duplicated ureters are often associated with an obstructed upper pole moiety and a refluxing lower pole moiety. In our case report adult type simple ureterocele is presented in lower moiety of duplex system with impacted calculus. Because of rarity of the presentation and diagnosis of the condition, urologist needs to be aware of etiology and appearance. Treatment options depend on the extension of the ureterocele, obstruction to draining system.
1. Schlussel, R.N., Retik, A.B. Ectopic ureter, ureterocele andotheranomalies of the ureter. Campbell-Walsh Urology.9th edn: p.3413 2. DonaldS.Hill.2004.Casestudies, Prolapsed, ectopiccecoureterocele. JournalofDiagnosticMedical Sonography.20(6):436-439 3. ByunE.MerguerianPA.2006.A metaanalysisofsurgicalpractice pattern in endoscopic management ofureteroceles.JournalofUrology. 176(4):1871-1877 4. Chtourou M, SallamiS RekikH, Binous et al. 2002.Ureterocelein adultscomplicatedwithcalculi: Diagnostic and Therapeutic features. Reportsof 20cases. ProgUrol.12:1213-1220.
Electrophysiological study of changes in retinal function following pan retinal photocoagulation in patients with diabetic retinopathy
C Biju John,P S Girija Devi
Purpose:To Quantify the loss of Retinal Function due to Pan Retinal Photocoagulation in Diabetic Retinopathy patients using Full Field Electroretinography.Methods: This was a prospective observational study of 53 patients (105 eyes) with Diabetic Retinopathy selected for Pan Retinal Pan Retinal Photocoagulation (PRP) in a tertiary eye care centre. In all these patients Full Field ERG were done prior to PRP and then at 1 month and 3 months after PRP. The mean amplitudes and implicit times for different wave parameters at each visit (pre laser, 1 month and 3 months) were calculated. The values were paired as pre and 1 month, Pre and 3 month and 1month and 3 month and the mean differences of the pairs were calculated. Paired t test was used to calculate the significance of the variations. Results:It was found that the PRP produced a global loss of retinal function which was variable and was reflected in the statistically significant reduction in amplitudes of the Full field ERG waves. The average loss of amplitudeat 3 months was 27.2% for “A†waves and 14.4% for “B†waves. The changes to the implicit time were not of much significance. As far as the visual results are concerned, Stabilisation (defined as no change in vision or a loss of vision less than 2 lines) or improvement of visual acuity could be achieved in 95% of the eyes. Conclusions:The amplitudes of the different waves of the Full Field ERGs can be used effectively in order to quantify the loss in Global Retinal function as a result of PRP. The implicit times however did not prove to be a reliable parameter to measure the change in retinal function.
1. Kahn HA, Hiller R. Blindness caused by diabetic retinopathy: Am J Ophthalmol 1974;78:58-67 2. Dandona L, Dandona R, Naduvilath TJ, McCarty CA, Rao GN: Population based assessment of diabetic retinopathy in an urban population in South India. Br J Ophthalmol 1999;83:937-940 3. Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group: Photocoagulation treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy: Clinical applications of DRS findings DRS Report Number 8 . Ophthalmology 1981: 88 :583- 600. 4. Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group for risk factors for severe visual loss in diabetic retinopathy. Third report from the Diabetic Retinopathy Study: Arch Ophthalmol 1979;97:654-655. 5. Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group Diabetic Retinopathy Study. Report 6. Design, methods and baseline results: Invest ophthalmol Vis Sci 1981; 21:149-209. 6. Chaine .G, Massin, Korobelnik.P:Treatment of diabetic retinopathy by photocoagulation methods and results: Diabete meteb;1993;19:414-21. 7. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group: Early photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy: ETDRS report number 9 Ophthalmology 1991:98:766-785. 8. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group: Photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema : Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study report number 1 : Arch Ophthalmol 1985 :103:1796-1806. 9. Davis MD: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy: In, Ryan SJ, Schachat AP, Murphy RB, (editors). Retina St. Louis CV Mosby Co. 1994. Vol 2, pp 1320-59 10. DRS Study Group:Photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy.Clinical application of DRS findings:DRS Report No 8 Ophthalmology 1981;88:583-600 11. K. Mizuno,Binocular indirect Argon laser photocoagulation BJO 1981;65:425-428 12. Jack J Kanski clinical ophthalmology -a systematic approach 6th edition page 581 13. Jalali S, Das TP: Augumented panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy: Afro-Asian J Ophthalmol. 1993;112:257-59 14. Reddy VM, Zamora RL, Olk RJ: Quantitation of retinal ablation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: Am J Ophthalmol 1995; 119:760-66. 15. I Perlman, M Gdal-on, B Miller and S Zonis: Retinal function of the Diabetic Retina after argon laser photocoagulation assessed electroretinographically: Brit J Of Ophthalmology, 1985,69, 240-246 16. Frank RN: Visual fields and electroretinography following extensive photocoagulation Arch Ophthaimol 3975: 3: 591-8. 17. Ogden TE, Callahan F, Riekhof FT: The electroretinogram after peripheral retinal ablation in diabetic retinopathy: Am J Ophthalmol 1976:8l: 397-402. 18. François J, De Rouck A, Cambie E, Castanheira-Dinis A: Electrophysiological studies before and after argon Laser photo- coagulation in diabetic retinopathy: Ophthalmologica 1978: 176:133-44 19. Gjotterberg M, Blomdahl S: Human electroretinogram after argon laser photocoagulation of different retinal areas: Ophthalmol Res 1981: 13:42—9. 20. Liang JC, Fishman GA, Huamonte FU, Anderson RJ Comparative electroretinograms in argon laser and xenon arc panretinal photocoagulation: Bri Jl Ophthalmology 1983: 67: 520-5. 21. Lawwill T, OConnor PR: ERG and EOG in diabetics pre- and post-photocoagulation In: Proceedings of the tenth ISCERG Symposium, Los Angeles. 1972. The Hague: Junk, 1973: 17-23. 22. Schuurmans RP, De Lege WA, Van Lith GHN, Oosterhuis JA: The influence of photocoagulation of the retina on the electroretinogram: Doc Ophthalmol 1977: 42: 369—73. 23. Michael F, Marmor, Eberhart Zrenner .Standard for clinical electroretinography; (1999 Update)Documenta Ophthalmologica 1998;97:143-156 24. Monica Lövestam-Adrian, Sten Andréasson , Vesna Ponjavic -Macular function assessed with mfERG before and after panretinal photocoagulation in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy Documenta Ophthalmologica (2004) 109: 115-121 25. Klein RC, Eiman MJ, Murphy RP: Ferris FL Transient severe visual loss after panretinal photocoagulation:Am J OphthalmoI 1988 106: 298-306 26. Mc Donald HR, Schatz H : Macular Edema following Panretinal Photocoagulation : Retina 1985: 5: 5-10. 27. Lüttke B1, Lang GE, Böhm BO, Lang GK: Results of pan-retinal argon laser coagulation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: Ophthalmologe 1996 Dec; 93(6):694-8. 28. Rema M1, Sujatha P, Pradeepa R: Visual outcomes of pan-retinal photocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy at one-year follow-up and associated risk factors: Indian J Ophthalmol 2005 Jun;53(2):93-9 29. Ajvazi H1, Goranci I, Goranci A, Govori V, Goranci D: Results of laser treatment-PRP to the diabetic retinopathy: Oftalmologia: 2009; 53(4):74-8.
Comparison among intrathecal fentanyl and nalbuphine in combination with bupivacaine and plain bupivacaine for lower limb surgeries
Ravikiran J Thote, Prashant Lomate, Shilpa Gaikwad, Jyotsna S Paranjpe, Manohar Mane
Background: Nalbuphine, kappa agonist/partial mu antagonist and potent analgesic is less explored for analgesia. Aims and Objectives: To compare intrathecal addition of Nalbuphine verses Fentanyl to local anaesthetic on quality and duration of analgesia. Material and Methods: This study compared the effects of intrathecally administered, preservative-free Fentanyl and Nalbuphine in combination with bupivacaine and plain Bupivacaine in 60, ASA I or II patients of either sex who underwent lower limb surgeries with spinal anesthesia. Patients were divided into three groups (n=60). Fentanyl group (Group I) received 2.5 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine with 25mcg of fentanyl, Nalbuphine group (Group II) received 2.5 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine along with 500mcg of Nalbuphine, Control group (Group III) received 2.5ml of 0.5% bupivacaine along with 0.5 ml of CSF, Group I and II are study groups. Results: There is prolongation of sensory block in fentanyl and nalbuphine group as compared to control group, but there is more prolongation of sensory block duration in nalbuphine group than fentanyl group. Addition of fentanyl or nalbuphine to intrathecal bupivacaine does not prolong the motor block. The perioperative sedation was present in only nalbuphine group but all the patients were arousable and it was not associated with respiratory depression. Request for postoperative pain relief was significantly present in control group. Sedation was noticed in the Nalbuphine treated group only. Conclusions: Intrathecal Nalbuphine-Bupivacaine combination is better than Fentanyl-Bupivacaine combination in respect to the duration of sensory block. There was more sedation in nalbuphine treated group. Both Fentanyl and Nalbuphine reduced the analgesic requirement in the early postoperative period
1. Abouleish E, Rawal N, Show J, Lorenz T, Rashad MN. Intrathecal morphine 0.2 mg versus epidural bupivacaine 0.125% or their combination: effects on parturients. Anesthesiology 1991; 74: 711-6. 2. Hunt CO, Naulty JS, Bader AM et al. Perioperative analgesia with subarachanoid fentanyl-bupivacaine for cesarean delivery. Anesthesiology 1989; 71: 35-40. 3. Singh H, Yang J, Thornton K, Giesecke AH. Intrathecal fentanyl prolongs sensory bupivacaine spinal block.Can J Anaesth 1995; 42(11): 987-91. 4. David BB, Solomon ES, Levin H, Admoni H, and Goldik Z. Intrathecal fentanyl with small dose dilute bupivacaine : better anesthesia without prolonging recovery. Anesth Analg 1997; 85: 560-5. 5. Wang C, Chakrabarti MK, Whitwam JG. Specific enhancement by fentanyl of the effects of intrathecal bupivacaine on nociceptive afferent but not on sympathetic efferent pathways in dogs. Anesthesiology 1993; 79: 766-73. 6. Xavier Culebras, MD*, Giovanni Gaggero, MD†, Jiri Zatloukal, MD†, Christian Kern, MD*, and Rene´-Andre´as Marti, MD Advantages of Intrathecal Nalbuphine, Compared with Intrathecal Morphine, After Cesarean Delivery: An Evaluation of Postoperative Analgesia and Adverse Effects. Anaesthesia-Analgesia 2000, 91:601-5. 7. Mark W. Guniona, Anna Maria Marchionnea, Corrie T.M. Anderson. Use of the mixed agonist—antagonist nalbuphine in opioid based analgesia. Acute Pain (2004) 6, 29—39. 8. Nalbuphine official FDA information, side effects and uses. Drugs .com 9. Narinder Rawal, M.D., PhD., Lauri Nuutinen, M.D., Ph.D., P. Prithvi Raj, M.D.,Sandra L. Lavering, D.V.M., M.S.,f A. H. Gobuty, Pharm.D., Judy Hargardine, Linda Lehmkuhl,’ Rita Herva, M.D., Ezzat Abouleish, M.D. Behavioral and Histopathologic Effects Following Intrathecal Administration of Butorphanol, Sufentanil and Nalbuphine in ship. Anaesthesiology, 1991 Dec. 75(6):1025-34. 10. Ocana M, Del Pozo E, Barrios M, Robles LI, Baeyens JM. An ATP-dependent potassium channel blocker antagonizes morphine analgesia. Eur J Pharmacol 1990; 186: 377-8. 11. Dickenson AH. Mechanisms of the analgesic actions of opiates and opioids. Br Med Bull 1991; 47:690-702. 12. Butterworth JF IV, Strichartz GR. Molecular mechanisms of local anesthesia: a review. Anesthesiology 1990; 72: 711-34. 13. Singh H, Yang J, Thornton K, Giesecke AH. Intrathecal fentanyl prolongs sensory bupivacaine spinal block.Can J Anaesth 1995; 42(11): 987-91. 14. Akerman B, Arwestriom E, Post C. Local anesthetics potentiate spinal morphine antinociception. Anesth Analg 1988; 67: 943-8. 15. Maves TJ, Gebhart GF. Antinociceptive synergy between intrathecal morphine and lidocaine during visceral and somatic nociception in the rat. Anesthesiology 1992; 76: 91-9. 16. Wang C, Chakrabarti MK, Whitwam JG. Specific enhancement by fentanyl of the effects of intrathecal bupivacaine on nociceptive afferent but not on sympathetic efferent pathways in dogs. Anesthesiology 1993; 79: 766-73. 17. Tejwani GA, Rattan AK, McDonald JS. Role of spinal opioid receptors in the antinociceptive interactions between intrathecal morphine and bupivacaine. Anesth Analg 1992; 74: 726-34. 18. Alaaeldin M. Farid (MD), Howaida K. Abdulatif (MD), Ahmed B. Mostafa (MD). Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. Clinical assessment and comparison of intrathecal fentanyl-bupivacaine with intrathecal nalbuphine-bupivacaine as regard analgesia quality. 19. Eveline Faure, MD, Bernard Wittels, MD, PhD, Jerome Klafta, MD, Alicia Toledano, ScD, Michelle Freind, DO, Atef Moawad, MD. Intrathecal fentanyl with nalbuphine for labour analgesia Br J Anaesth 1982; 54:479-86. 20. Wang C, Chakrabarti MK, Whitwam JG. Specific enhancement by fentanyl of the effects of intrathecal bupivacaine on nociceptive afferent but not on sympathetic efferent pathways in dogs. Anesthesiology 1993; 79: 766-73. 21. H. Singh, J. Yang, K. Thornton et al, “Intrathecal fentanyl prolongs sensory bupivacaine spinal blockâ€, Can J Anesth Page 42: 11: 987. 22. Catherine O. Hunt, J Stephen Naulty et al, “Peri-operative analgesia with subarchnoid fentanyl – bupivacaine for cesarean deliveryâ€, Anesthesiology 1989: vol 4, (71): 535-541. 23. G.Varrassi, D.Celleno. G.Caponga et al. “Ventilatory effects of subarchnoid Fentanyl in elderlyâ€, Anaesthesia 1992, Vol 47: 558-562. 24. Benoit Lefevre, DDS, PhD,* Marc Freysz, MD, PhD,t Jean Lepine, MD,tJean-Marc Royer, MD,t Daniel Perrin, DDS,* and Gabriel Malka, MD* .Comparison of Nalbuphine and Fentyl as Intravenous Analgesics for Medicaily Compromised Patients Undergoing Oral Surgery( in ASA 3 and 4). Anesth Prog 39:13-18 1992.
Hepatotropic effects of acute heavy metal poisoning in rats
R Jayashree
Introduction: Increasing technologic use of metals has posed hazards to health of humans as well as animals. Excessive concentration of metals occurs in water, air and soil as results of natural deposits as well as technologic use of non biodegradable materials. Further metals released into the environment may be biocentrated and thus enter the food chain. In Industrial Toxicology, Occupational exposure to Lead, Cadmium fume, Chromic acid and Chromates is significant. Aims and Objectives: To study the Hepototropic effects of acute heavy metal poisoning in rats Materials and Methods: In the present study 24 rats were divided in four groups (Cadmium group, Chromium, Lead and Control group) containing 6 rats each. The rats were exposed to respective heavy metal salt by two daily injections. The acute doses have been chosen based on previous studies in literature. On the third day the entire animals were weighed and sodium pentobarbitone 30 mg/kg body weight was administrated intraperitoneally. The time off administration of drug, the time of loss of righting reflex and the recovery of the animals were noted. 1ml blood sample was withdrawn by retroorbital puncture from all the animals for the blood assay. Results: Onset of sleeping time and duration of sleeping was increased in all the group but the difference was not statistically significant. The difference in SGOT levels of control and lead group was statistically insignificant. The SGPT levels were increased with statistically significant difference in cadmium group as compared to control group. The rise in alkaline phosphatase was statistically significant in cadmium and lead group when compared with control group. Serum proteins were also increased with statistical significance in cadmium and lead group. Conclusion: It may be stated that acute heavy metal exposure is associated with some changes in enzymic activity of liver and significant decrease in serum proteins.
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Optical, lower microwave and radio frequency response of binary mixtures of organic liquids - A dielectric approach
Ashvin N Prajapati
Background:Each material displays an unique complex permittivity spectra in the radio/ microwave frequency domain because of their different structures and varying dynamic responses to an external electromagnetic field. These spectra usually include one or more dispersions. A dielectric dispersion is mainly characterized by two parameters, dielectric decrement (ε0 – ε) and relaxation time (ï´0). Complex permittivity of various concentrations 1-Propanol (1-PrOH) and its mixtures with N,N Dimethylformamide (DMF) were obtained in the radio and lower microwave frequency range using Vector network analyzer (VNA). Furthermore to have more insight the dielectric constant (ε’) and dielectric loss (εâ€) of these samples were also determined using standard X-band microwave test bench operated at 9.1 GHz. Optical dielectric constant (ε= n2) of these liquids samples were measured using Abbe’s refractometer. These data points of different frequencies were fitted into Debye model to evaluate dielectric parameters like, a relaxation time (ï´0), static dielectric constant (ε0). Excess of static dielectric constant (ε0)E and excess inverse relaxation time (1/ï´0)E are determined and fitted with Redlich-Kister polynomial equation to derive the binary coefficients and standard deviations. Kirkwood correlation factor (g) and Bruggeman factor (fB) were also evaluated for this system. These parameters were used to interpret the molecular interaction between the molecular species of the liquid mixtures.
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Evaluation of relation betweendysmenorrheaandbody mass index in rural adolescents girlsandits impact on quality oflife
Shashikant G Somani, Sonali Rathi Somani, Vrunda Choudhary, P Sudhir Babu, A Vijay Laxmi
Objective: To evaluaterelationbetweendysmenorrheaandbody mass indexandits impacton health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Method: Study wasconducted in rural areaatKamineniInstituteofMedical Sciences, Narketpally. Thorough menstrual history was taken from 100adolescentpatientswith dysmenorrhea.Severityof dysmenorrhea wasdetected byverbal multi-dimensional scoring. Body mass index was calculated. Their absenteeism from school or class were assessed. SF-36 scalewas used to determinate HRQoL.Results: In present study, 38%, 44%and 18% patients weresuffering from mild, moderate and severe dysmenorrhea. Majority of girls (51%) were severly underweight having BMI <16.5kg/m2, 26 % underweight. This indicatespoor nutritional status of Indian adolescent girls, in rural setup. Majority ofgirls with moderate and severe dysmenorrhea had BMI <16.5Kg/m2which wassignificant (p <0.05). 30% patientshad symptomssevere enough to be absent from schooland31%from classes. 18% patientsreported social withdrawal. Scores received from many of SF-36 domains (physical functioning, role–physical, bodily pain, general health perception, vitality and social functioning) were significantly low. Also, withincreasing severity of dysmenorrhea, scores were decreasing in these domains. Conclusion:Dysmenorrhea is important publichealth problem.Ithasnegative effects on day today activities and health-related quality of life.Thereis a positive correlation between dysmenorrheaandlow BMI. Present study was conducted forbetterment of society for creating awareness ofdiet and health educationto assist in improvingquality of life.
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Mucopolysaccharidosis type I-Hurler’s syndrome
A M Deodhar, Vedprakash Biradar, Rushikesh M Patwardhan, Parikshit Mule, Pallavi Rawal, Rajeshri Ekale
Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) is a rare inherited disorder that belongs to a group of clinically progressive disorders and is caused by the deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme, α1 -iduronidase. MPS I has been recently classified into a severe (Hurler syndrome) and an attenuated type (Hurler-Scheie and Scheie syndromes).
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Dynamic temporalis muscle transfer revisited – aTechnique for correction of lagopthalmos in leprosy patients
Manish Singhal, Rupnarayan Bhattacharya, Shilpi Jain
Background: Leprosy is the most common cause of facial paralysis in India. Lagophthalmos is its most common manifestation. The temporalis muscle transfer ensured a good functional eyelid closure thus preventing corneal exposure and progression to impairment of visual acquity. Patients and Methods: 20 patients of leprosy who presented with lagophthalmos were included in the study. All cases underwent dynamic temporalis myofascial sling transfer for correction of lagophthalmos.Change in appearance of the eye and function of the eyelids was assessed post operatively. Results: All cases underwent dynamic temporalis myofascial sling transfer for correction of lagophthalmos. Temporalis Muscle transfer for bilateral cases were done in the same sitting. Anderson’s modification of Gillies procedure was done in 13 cases and Johnson’s operation was done in 7 cases. Mean lid gap reduced to 9.09 mm in straight gaze, 1.59 mm in gentle closure and 0.5 mm in tight closure. Conclusion: The temporalis muscle transfer ensured a good functional eyelid closure thus preventing corneal exposure and progression to impairment of visual acquity.
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Clinical profile and outcome of organophosphate poisoning cases in a tertiary care hospital in central Kerala
Edwin J George, Jayaraj K, John J Manjaly, Raghunath M
Background and objective: DSH is a major problem in the developing world. Poisoning is one of the most common methods employed for the act of DSH. As far Asia is concerned, the wide availability and lack of rules and regulations for the sale of agrochemical pesticides resulted in widespread use of organophosphate as one of the most common poison used for DSH. The delay in attaining medical care and the lack of facilities in the rural areas have resulted in increased number of death due to OP poisoning. In this study, we aim to find out the clinical profile with respect to different OP compounds, prognosis and outcome o f each patient in relation to the delay in getting medical attention. Our objective is to find out if there is any specific clinical finding which can predict bad outcome. Methods: 50 patients admitted to this hospital were enrolled into the study. After getting informed consent, detailed clinical examination was carried out. The incidence of complications and other measures of outcome were compared with respect to the clinical profile. Results: 33 males and 17 females were studied. 74% of the patients survived following poisoning while 26% expired. Chlorpyriphos was the compound consumed by most of the patients, followed by quinalphos. 50% death is due to chlorpyriphos poisoning. The most common symptom was vomiting followed by frothing. 12% patients had history of psychiatric illness. Crackleswas the most common clinical sign which was seen in 66% of the study population Interpretation and conclusion: From this study it is revealed that more the delay in getting medical care, higher the mortality is. Also altered sensorium, especially drowsiness may point towards grave prognosis. Majority of the patients who required mechanical ventilation had gross lung crackles at the time of presentation. The incidence of intermediate syndrome seemed to be a very important factor in the survival of the patient. In this study, all patients who developed IMS expired. Lung crackles, drowsiness and ventilator assistance were all high in the chlorpyriphos group when compared to other OP compounds.
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Zinc oxide nano thin film for solar cell device applications
Sarika Jadhav, Limbraj Ravangave
Background: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin film was deposited using simple low cost spray pyrolysis technique. The deposited film was characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. XRD Spectra revealed that ZnO film represents polycrystalline wurzite crystal structure. Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) was estimated using Lorentz Fit of XRD data. The crystallite size calculated was to be 26.31 nm. The SEM image of ZnO thin film shows whole surface was uniformly coated with spherical ZnO grains of average size 111.55 nm. Purity of the deposited sample was investigated by using Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX). The deposited ZnO film shows 78% transmittance. The optical band gap estimated by Tauc plot was 3.76eV.
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Comparative prospective study of outcome between aggressive and expectant management of premature rupture of membranes
Shivamurty H M, N Spandana, Y Anusha Sunkara, Ahswini Konin, V Sridivya Chowdary
Background: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is the loss of integrity of membranes before onset of labor. PROM occurs in approximately 5–10 % of all pregnancies.and is a significant obstetric problem and is important cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity. When PROM occurs at term, labor typically ensues spontaneously or is induced within 12 to 24 hoursObjectives: To compare the expectant and aggressive management and its neonatal and maternal outcomes.Material and Methods:This is a prospective study carried out in the Obstetric and Gynecology Department of J.J.M Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka.Results: There were 573 cases of PROM giving incidence of 8.15%. The incidence was found to be higher in case of rural, young, primigravida. Out of thesePROM cases 81.5%were managed aggressively (group A),18.4%were managed expectantly (group B). Mode of delivery was as follows.Group A (Expectant management) Vaginal delivery in 70.75%, LSCS in 29.25 %.Group B (Aggressive management)Vaginal delivery 83.7% LSCS 27%. Perinatal mortality, Group A 7.54 %, Group B1.28%. Perinatal morbidity, Group A 7.54 % group B 4.49%. Maternal morbidity, Group A was 18.86% Group B 1.07%,Matrenal mortality Group A 0.94% one, Group B was zeroConclusion: Aggressive management by induction of labor within 12 hours in PROM reduced the time of delivery and the rates of chorioamnionitis, endometritis, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. A proposed plan of "Aggressive management" is the final answer to decrease maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.
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